This work aims at evaluating shelf life of meat from Boer-Saanen cross goats fed on diets containing vitamin E. Thirty-five feedlot-fed goats with an initial body weight of 21.6±2.8kg were subjected to four treatments in a completely randomized design: a control treatment with vitamin E plus others containing 50, 150, and 450mg dl-α-tocopherol acetate/kg DM. Longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle samples were stored at temperatures between 4 and 6°C during 15days, and evaluated for lipid peroxidation using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) method and for visual acceptance by consumers by different survival analysis techniques. The addition, vitamin E in diets influenced shelf life of LL muscle, indicating longer meat preservation as the levels of the vitamin in diet increased, as the results obtained in chemical and subjective visual assessments showed. TBARS analysis showed to be more accurate in predicting shelf life of meat than subjective visual assessment by consumers, which reached a saturation threshold of 2mg malonaldehyde/kg of meat earlier at all tested levels of vitamin E inclusion.
In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the ingestion of feed containing fumonisin affects the apoptosis balance in liver cells. Thus, a trial was conducted with Nile tilapia fingerlings (2.64 ± 0.06 g) fed diets containing increasing levels of fumonisin (FB) (0-control diet, 20, 40, and 60 mg/kg), and expression of caspase7 (CASP7) and sphingosine phosphate lyase (SPL) genes in liver tissue was evaluated at 15 and 30 days of treatment. SPL:CASP7 mRNA ratio was also evaluated. Relative mRNA levels of SPL decreased in tilapia treated with 60 mg FB/kg of diet at 15 days (P < .0001), while a significant increase in SPL was detected at the two highest levels of inclusion at 30 days (P < .0001). CASP7 gene expression decreased linearly as fumonisin was added, at 15 days (P < .0001). At 30 days, however, the relative CASP7 mRNA levels were only reduced in the tilapia treated with 60 mg FB/kg of diet (P = .0011). The results obtained in this study suggest a direct relationship between SPL and CASP7 expressions, so it can be inferred that as the period of consumption and level of fumonisin are increased, the numerical relationship between SPL:CASP7 mRNA is also increased.
Although fumonisins are identified as responsible for alterations in weight gain, little information is available on their effects on expression of growth-related genes, especially for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. In this study, Nile tilapia fingerlings were treated with increasing levels of fumonisin B1 (FB1) and fumonisin B2 (FB2) (diets of 0, 20, 40, and 60 mg/kg) to evaluate their effects on weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI), feed efficiency (FE), growth hormone receptor (GHR) and insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1) mRNA expression in liver of this fish. All variables were evaluated at 15 and 30 days of treatment. Diet containing 0 mg fumonisin/kg was used as control treatment. Treatment with 20, 40, and 60 mg fumonisin/kg of diet significantly reduced WG (P<0.0001) and FE (P<0.0001), while GHR and IGF-1 mRNA expression was reduced both at 15 and 30 days of treatment. Feed intake was not affected by diets in any of the evaluated periods. These results indicate that fumonisins (FB1 + FB2) affect the growth of Nile tilapia fingerlings through mechanisms that involve reduction of GHR and IGF-1 expression.
Objetivo: Objetivamos com esta pesquisa avaliar os níveis de proteína carbonilada, e a atividade das enzimas superóxido dismutase (SOD) e catalase (CAT) após desafio associado entre saprolegniose e dieta intermitente em tilápias-do-Nilo. Métodos: Para tal, cento e vinte juvenis de tilápia-do-Nilo de 81,7 ± 4,29 g foram alocados em doze caixas de polietileno de alta densidade e criados por duas semanas em duas condições de manejo alimentar distintas, alimentação contínua (AC) e jejum intermitente (JI). Após os 14 dias de tratamento iniciais, 24 tilápias (duas por tanque) naturalmente infestadas com Saprolegnia contendo hifas visíveis, foram alocadas juntamente com as demais tilápias, e cultivadas por mais sete dias. Amostras de fígado foram coletadas e acondicionadas até o momento das análises de proteína carbonilada. Resultados: Houve diferença estatística para as três avaliações (p<0.0001), sendo que a maior concentração de proteína carbonilada e maior atividade SOD foram encontradas nos animais submetidos ao jejum intermitente. Já a atividade CAT foi maior para o grupo que recebeu alimentação contínua. Conclusão: Estes dados sugerem que o jejum intermitente tem efeito potencializador sob a resposta pró-oxidante da saprolegniose, pois a geração de ROS não é adequadamente neutralizada pelos sistemas antioxidantes. A campo, estes dados indicam que animais malnutridos podem sofrer mais danos, quando pequenos desafios diários ocorrem.
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