This study presents a comprehensive survey of microgel-coated materials and their functional behavior, describing the complex interplay between the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the microgels and the chemical and morphological features of substrates. The cited literature is articulated in four main sections: i) properties of 2D and 3D substrates, ii) synthesis, modification, and characterization of the microgels, iii) deposition techniques and surface patterning, and iv) application of microgel-coated surfaces focusing on separations, sensing, and biomedical applications. Each section discussesby way of principles and examples -how the various design parameters work in concert to deliver functionality to the composite systems. The case studies presented herein are viewed through a multi-scale lens. At the molecular level, the surface chemistry and the monomer make-up of the microgels endow responsiveness to environmental and artificial physical and chemical cues. At the micro-scale, the response effects shifts in size, mechanical, and optical properties, and affinity towards species in the surrounding liquid medium, ranging from small molecules to cells. These phenomena culminate at the macro-scale in measurable, reversible, and reproducible effects, aiming in a myriad of directions, from lab-scale to industrial applications.
Composite material enabling the delivery of synergistic combination of doxorubicin and gemcitabine against breast cancer with molar and kinetic precision.
A mathematical model based on formation and dissolution kinetics is formulated for the formation of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase layer on the anode and cathode in a lithium ion battery. The model assumes that the formation of the Solid Electrolyte interphase (SEI) at the anode and cathode involves formation and dissolution of the SEI layer. The model evaluates capacity fading as a function of temperature for various values of formation and dissolution rate constants. Model results also predict capacity fade results when there is no dissolution of the SEI layer. Model results show that at higher temperatures dissolution of the SEI layer plays a major role in the capacity loss in a lithium ion battery.
This study presents dual-responsive colloidal microgels to repair nonwoven fiber mats (NWFs) and recover their native morphological and functional properties. The formulation comprises poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (PNIPAmco-AA) microgels loaded with iron oxide nanoparticles acting as magneto-responsive "bricks" and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-4-benzoylphenyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm-co-BPAm) serving as photo-cross-linkable "mortar". The formulation is employed to repair small tears in meltblown polypropylene (PP) and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) NWFs and recover the functional properties of the native membranes. Specifically, magnetically directed and UV-light-triggered repair recovers (i) the topological integrity, as shown by optical microscopy and image analysis of PP and PBT NWFs, (ii) the mechanical properties, as demonstrated by the values of tensile modulus of native, damaged, and repaired PP NWFs, and (iii) the permeability to sodium chloride of both PP and PBT NWFs. A comparative study of repair using magneto-responsive and photo-cross-linkable vs photocross-linkable-only formulations demonstrate that magnetic localization is vital to ensure rapid, spatially accurate, and effective recovery of the morphological and functional properties of damaged NWFs.
Recyclable and biodegradable microelectronics, i.e., “green” electronics, are emerging as a viable solution to the global challenge of electronic waste. Specifically, flexible circuit boards represent a prime target for materials development and increasing the utility of green electronics in biomedical applications. Circuit board substrates and packaging are good dielectrics, mechanically and thermally robust, and are compatible with microfabrication processes. Poly(octamethylene maleate (anhydride) citrate) (POMaC) – a citric acid-based elastomer with tunable degradation and mechanical properties – presents a promising alternative for circuit board substrates and packaging. Here, we report the characterization of Elastomeric Circuit Boards (ECBs). Synthesis and processing conditions were optimized to achieve desired degradation and mechanical properties for production of stretchable circuits. ECB traces were characterized and exhibited sheet resistance of 0.599 Ω cm−2, crosstalk distance of <0.6 mm, and exhibited stable 0% strain resistances after 1000 strain cycles to 20%. Fabrication of single layer and encapsulated ECBs was demonstrated.
Recyclable and biodegradable microelectronics, i.e., “green” electronics, are emerging as a viable solution to the global
challenge of electronic waste. Accordingly, the development of novel materials to replace passive components and
packaging is necessary to realize sustainable manufacturing and growing distribution of electronic devices. Specifically,
alternatives to printed circuit boards (PCBs) represent a prime target for novel materials development and increasing the
utility of green electronics in biomedical and Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications. Ideal PCB substrates and packaging are
good dielectrics, mechanically and thermally robust, and are compatible with traditional microfabrication processes, which
typically result in the use of non-biodegradable materials. Poly(octamethylene maleate (anhydride) citrate) (POMaC) – a
citric acid-based elastomer with tunable degradation and mechanical properties – presents a promising alternative for PCB
substrates and packaging. Here, we report the novel use and characterization of POMaC-PCBs. Synthesis and processing
conditions were optimized to achieve desired degradation and mechanical properties for production of stretchable circuits.
POMAC-PCB traces were characterized and exhibited sheet resistance of 0.599 Ω cm-2, crosstalk distance of <0.6 mm, and
R/R0 = 30 after 100 cycles to 20% strain. Fabrication of single and multilayer layer POMaC-PCBs was demonstrated.
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