To evaluate the genetic diversity and to clarify the genetic relationships of Japanese peach cultivars, we analyzed the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and traced the pedigree of 17 Japanese commercial peach cultivars and six traditional accessions. Sixteen AFLP primer combinations produced a total of 837 fragments and 146 polymorphic bands with a polymorphism percentage of 17.5%. All of the peach accessions could be identified from differences in at least 10 polymorphic bands. A cluster analysis showed that all the Japanese commercial peach cultivars, except 'Kiyomi' and 'Jichigetsuto', formed a major group consisting of three sub-groups. Of the six traditional accessions, four were genetically distant from the Japanese commercial peach cultivars while two accessions from China were classified into the Japanese commercial peach cultivars group. Both the AFLP analysis and pedigree tracing suggested that Japanese commercial peach cultivars are mainly derived from 'Shanhai Suimitsuto', one of the traditional accessions from China. Although the genetic relationships revealed by AFLP were generally in agreement with those shown by the pedigree information, some contradictions were found. Combining the AFLP results and pedigree information can provide a better understanding of the genetic relationships of Japanese peach cultivars.
Parasitoids such as leafminer have long been known to play an important role in reducing potential pest populations. However, detailed information about the parasitoid community in many agroecosystems is still very limited. To attempt to address this data gap, we assessed the rate of parasitism, diversity, abundance and dominance of leafminer parasitoids in different agroecosystems. The survey was carried out from February to July 2015 in Lesser Sunda islands of Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores and Timor. Samples were taken from three different vegetable ecosystem types the forest edge (H1), agricultural (H2) and settlement (H3). In each ecosystem, 50 leaves were sampled from 20 kinds of vegetable crops attacked by Liriomyza spp. Samples were taken five times per location every week. The sampling results found three distinct species of leafminer flies present: Liriomyza huidobrensis, L. sativae, and Chromatomyia horticola. The sampling also successfully identified 7 other parasitoids with parasitization rates between 0.09%-32.58% i.e. Neochrysocharis formosa (8.20%-32.58%), Hemiptarsenus varicornis (4.57%-24.21%), Opius chromatomyiae (0.88%-22.35%), Opius dissitus (0.49%-5.08%), Neochrysocharis okazakii (0.69 %-1.24%), Asecodes deluchii (0.51%-5.89%) and Gronotoma micromorpha (0.09%-0.34%). Indices of abundance (R) and diversity (H') were also calculated, with the highest species abundance being found on the Lombok and the lowest on the Sumbawa. Neochrysocharis formosa abundance was found in all the islands sampled, while the dominance (D = 0.43) was found on the Sumbawa. N. formosa was found to have the highest population abundance and parasitism rate, and was found on every island in Lesser Sunda including on the Lombok (1853 adult; 31.16%), Sumbawa (472 adult; 8.2%), Flores (1117 adult; 15.96 %) and Timor (984 adult; 22.18%). The results of these studies suggest a strong need for effective pest control policies for Liriomyza spp. in the research locations, as well as for other vegetable crops in Indonesia
Penggunaan pestisida cukup tinggi dan berlebihan, disinyalir telah mencemari lahan bawang merah di Kabupaten Brebes. Dampak negatif penggunaan pestisida sudah dirasakan oleh petani, namun perilaku dan tata cara penggunaan pestisida belum banyak berubah. Sekolah lapang pengendalian hama terpadu telah dilaksanakan dan subsidi pestisida juga sudah dicabut, namun kenyataan di lapangan penggunaan pestisida terus meningkat. Residu pestisida yang terakumulasi di lahan pertanian diyakini sebagai penyebab menurunnya tingkat kesuburan tanah. Akibat dari penggunaan pestisida yang berlebih perlu dilakukan pengendalian pencemaran lingkungan sebagai wujud program keamanan pangan nasional. Sebelum dilakukan pengendalian perlu dilakukan identifikasi cemaran. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengidentifikasi cemaran profenofos yang yang ada di lahan bawang merah Kabupaten Brebes. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lapang dan laboratorium. Penelitian lapang dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Brebes Jawa Tengah dan analisa residu pestisida dilakukan di laboratorium terpadu Balai Penelitian Lingkungan Pertanian (Balingtan). Kegiatan ini berlangsung dari bulan Februari hingga April 2018. Metode yang dilakukan adalah metode survey dan wawancara petani dalam pengambilan sampel di lapang. Sampel tanah diambil dari 18 titik sampling yang berlokasi di 8 Kecamatan di Kabupaten Brebes. Dalam 1 titik sampel diambil secara komposit dari 5 titik sampling. Sampel tanah dilahan bawang merah yang diperoleh dari lapangan masing-masing diuji residu insektisida profenofos menggunakan metode Quecher. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 18 titik sampel tanah yang diambil, terdeteksi cemaran insektisida profenofos sebanyak 17 sampel (94,44%) dengan konsentrasi <LOD – 0,510 ppm dengan BMR 0,30 ppm.
Soil contamination by pesticides should be controlled by using soil microbes with the ability to degrade pesticide residues. Microorganisms that have adapted to a particular pesticide could accelerate the degradation process. The present study aimed to select bacteria in soil that could potentially degrade cypermethrin residues. Experiments were carried out in a laboratory and employed soil samples collected from the districts of Demak, Magelang, and Brebes. Each soil sample was initially tested for the presence of bacteria and pesticide residues. Indigenous microbes capable of living in contaminated environments were adapted to cypermethryn and cultured in the laboratory. Experiment was carried out in several stages, namely, (1) isolation and identification of microbes that could degrade cypermethrin, (2) testing of the growth characteristics of isolates in cypermethrin, and (3) determination of cypermethrin residues in cultures. Three isolates, namely Pseudomonas alcaligenes, Bacillus amyloliquenfaciens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were found to decrease cypermethrin residues by up to 95% with fast half-lives and good growth capability. The results demonstrate the potential applications of the isolates in biodegradation processes and remediation of cultivation fields.
<p>Rekomendasi pengendalian hama terpadu (PUT) hama utama lanaman kapas, akan tetapi secara tcknis dan ekonomis masih sulit diterapkan oleh petani. Unluk memperbaiki rekomendasi itu maka dikaji efisiensi pemanfaatan parasitoid Trichogrammatoidea armigera N&N. HeUcoverpa armigera nuclear polyhedrosis virus (//oNPV). dan insektisida nabati serbuk biji mimba (SBM) terhadap // armigera. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada musim lanam 199899 di kebun Instalasi Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat, Asembagus, Situbondo, Jawa Timur. Rancangan penelitian adalah acak kelompok dengan 6 perlakuan, dan 3 ulangan Ukuran plot adalah 50 m x 50 m Pada rekomendasi standar rakitan komponen PITT, perlakuan yang ditambahkan adalah (1) penyemprotan SBM. (2) pelepasan T. armigera ■ penyemprotan SBM, (3) pelepasan '/'. armigera ' penyemprotan insektisida kimia, (4) penyemprotan faNPV I penyemprotan insektisida kimia. (5) penyemprotan insektisida kimia, dan (6) lanpa perlakuan (kontrol). Penyemprotan SUM, //oNPV, dan insektisida kimia dilakukan apabila populasi ulat // armigera mencapai ambang pengendalian (4 tanaman lerinfestasi per 25 tanaman). dan pelepasan 7 armigera dilakukan apabila populasi telur //. armigera mencapai ambang pelepasan (25 telur per 25 tanaman) Penyemprotan SBM, pelepasan T. armigera dan penyemprotan //oNPV dapat ditambahkan pada rekomendasi standar rakitan komponen PHT. Penambahan penyemprotan SBM pada rekomendasi standar rakitan komponen PITT adalah paling cisien diantara tiga komponen PITT yang ditambahkan, memberikan eisiensi (Marginal Regional Rate of Return. MRR) scbasar 3.64 dengan produktivitas kapas berbiji 1 562 kgha (meningkatkan 392 kg atau 25%) dan biaya penyemprotan Rp 172 267 (menurun Rp 259 883 atau 60%).</p><p>Kata Kunci : Azadirachla tndica A. Juss, Trichogrammatoidea armigera N&N, WoNPV, HeUcoverpa armigera Hbn . PITT, Gossypium hirsutum I.</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT </strong></p><p><strong>Improved 1PM recomendation package for controlling Helicoverpa armigera Hbn. on coton</strong></p><p>An experimcnl on Ihe use of IPM components for controlling HeUcoverpa armigera Hbn. as ihe pests of cotton was conducted in Asembagus Research Station during cotton planting season 1998/99 Ihe objective of this experiment was to assess the usefulness of Trichogrammatoidea armigera N&N., //oNPV, and botanical insecticide (neem seed powder) in improving the IPM recommendation package, so that it can be adopted by farmers This experiment was arranged in randomized blok design with 6 treatments and 3 replicates. Ihe size of each plot was 50 m X 50 m Ihe treatments comprise: (1) neem spray; (2) T. armigera release neem spray; (3) T. armigera release i insecticide spray; (4) //(A'I'V spray I chemical. (5) chemical; and (6) control (unlrcatment) were added lo the standar IPM recommendation package. Neem, /YoNPV, and chemical spray was done whenever population of H. armigera larvae reached action threshold (4 infected plants 25 plants) and release of T. armigera was done whenever population of H. armigera eggs reached "release threshold" (25 cggs/25 plants) Neem seed powder spray, T. armigera release, and //oNPV spray could be added to (he standar IPM recomendation package. Ihe most efficient among this three components was neem seed powder spray. Which gives eicjency Marginal Rate of Return (MRR) 3 64, cotton seed productivity I 562 kgha (increase 392 kg or 25%) and spraying cost Rp 172 267 (decrease Rp 259 883 or 60%).</p><p>Key words: Azadirachla indica A. Juss., Trichogrammatoidea armigera N&N, 7/aNPV, Helicoverpa armigera Hbn , IPM, Gossypium hirsutum I.</p>
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