Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) is the main mosquito vector for dengue and other arboviral infectious diseases. Control of this important vector highly relies on the use of insecticides, especially pyrethroids. The high frequency (>78%) of the L982W substitution was detected at the target site of the pyrethroid insecticide, the voltage-gated sodium channel (Vgsc) of A. aegypti collected from Vietnam and Cambodia. Alleles having concomitant mutations L982W + F1534C and V1016G + F1534C were also confirmed in both countries, and their frequency was high (>90%) in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Strains having these alleles exhibited substantially higher levels of pyrethroid resistance than any other field population ever reported. The L982W substitution has never been detected in any country of the Indochina Peninsula except Vietnam and Cambodia, but it may be spreading to other areas of Asia, which can cause an unprecedentedly serious threat to the control of dengue fever as well as other Aedes -borne infectious diseases.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is transmitted between swine, migratory birds, and Culex mosquitoes, and has circulated indigenously in Asia for almost a century. Despite being the country with the highest JEV diversity, surveillance targeting of Indonesia’s vectors is scarce. This study collected mosquitoes from several locations in Tabanan Regency, Bali Island, Indonesia. We captured and classified 3,032 adult Culex mosquitoes into seven species, with Culex vishnui subgroup mosquitoes making up approximately 90% of the total. Japanese encephalitis virus was identified by next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of a Cx. vishnui mosquito pool. Genetic and phylogenetic analysis revealed the JEV as genotype (G) IV. The nucleotide identity was 99% with other JEV GIV isolates obtained from swine sera in 2017 on Bali Island and from a human patient in Australia with a travel history to Bali in 2019. This finding indicated that JEV GIV persists in restricted areas and is circulating between swine-mosquito vectors.

Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara is an area with low rainfall where the highest East Nusa Tenggara number of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) cases are recorded; this number is also higher than the national figure. This study analyzed the relationship between housing conditions and DHF incidence in Kupang City. This observational study used a case-control method with 240 DHF patient cases and 280 not patient controls without DHF from 12 villages in the rainy season and 13 villages in the dry season. The following data were collected: house size, house lighting, house temperature, water usage, wall construction, ventilation size, ventilation condition, and ownership of a clean water facility. These data were analyzed using t-test and Chi-square test. The following house condition variables were significantly related to DHF incidence (p-value ≤ 0.05): house lighting, water usage, house wall, ventilation area, and ownership of clean water facilities. This means that house condition is related to the incidence of dengue in Kupang City. Attention and intervention are needed in these areas, as well as attention to other factors outside house condition. AbstrakKupang merupakan daerah dengan curah hujan rendah dengan kasus demam berdarah dengue (DBD) selalu tertinggi di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur dan juga lebih tinggi dari angka nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kondisi rumah dan kejadian DBD di Kota Kupang. Penelitian observasional ini menggunakan studi kasus kontrol dengan 240 pasien DBD sebagai kasus dan 280 bukan pasien DBD sebagai kontrol dari 12 desa di musim hujan dan 13 desa di musim kemarau. Data kondisi rumah yang dikumpulkan meliputi luas rumah, pencahayaan, suhu, penggunaan air, dinding, luas ventilasi, kondisi ventilasi dan kepemilikan fasilitas air bersih kemudian dianalisis dengan uji t dan uji kai kuadrat. Beberapa variabel kondisi rumah secara signifikan berhubungan dengan kejadian DBD (nilai p ≤ 0.05), yaitu pencahayaan, penggunaan air, konstruksi dinding, area ventilasi dan kepemilikan fasilitas air bersih. Hal ini berarti kondisi rumah berhubungan dengan kejadian demam berdarah di Kota Kupang, sehingga perlu ada perhatian dan intervensi secara khusus terhadap kondisi rumah selain memperhatikan faktor-faktor lain di luar kondisi tersebut. rumah.

Freshwater culture commodity such as sangkuriang catfish (Clarias sp.) has high sufficient demand. One way to fullfil necessity of sangkuriang catfis demand is accelerate the growth. The aim of this research is to determine the present effect of different probiotics on commercial feed towards growth and feed efficiency of sangkuriang catfish. The research using experimental method, using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Sangkuriang catfish kept in 30 days with four treatments and five replications, that is P1 (control), P2 (5% probiotics A), P3 (5% probiotics B), and P4 (5% probiotics C). The obtained data were processed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test if there was significant data. The result showed that different probiotics giving significant effect to growth rate and feed efficiency (p<0,05). The best sangkuriang catfish (Clarias sp.) growth rate is P2 treatment 2,88% ± 0,38, and the lowest is P1 treatment at 1,73% ± 0,7. The best feed efficiency is P2 treatment at 54,69% ± 9,67 and the lowest is P1 treatment at 30,27% ± 12,65

In order to yield influential information on the most recommended use of BGF, which so far still questioned, this preliminary study was aimed to investigate the physicochemical and functional properties of mixed flour of BGF and wheat flour (WF). A total of nine mixtures of WF: BGF of (90%:10%; 80%:20%; 70%:30%; 40%:60%; 50%:50%; 40%:60%; 30%:70%; 20%:80%; 10%:90%) were produced, where single WF and BGF were used as controls. This research revealed the different amount of BGF and wheat flour in the mixed flour showed the significantly different value of functional and rheological properties attributes, such as bulk density, CI, HR, WAI, WSI, SP, OAC, peak viscosity, trough viscosity, breakdown viscosity, final viscosity, setback viscosity and peak time. We have inferred to some previous studies and speculated that the difference in functional and rheological properties could be caused by the different amylose and amylopectin amount in the mixed flour. As far as we know that this present study was the first study on the mixed flour of BGF and wheat flour, therefore we suggested a more comprehensive study such as investigation of baking performance and bread qualities.