Indonesia's Government has made policy in the education sector due to the COVID-19  pandemic situation. Previously teaching and learning process especially in the higher institution is held face to face, and it switches to fully online learning. This situation forces the lecturer and students to adopt online learning and effected to their learning experiences. This current study is aimed at analyzing the students’ difficulties during online learning in speaking for professional context subject during COVID-19  situation. This research was held using a descriptive qualitative method approach. The data was obtained from an online questionnaire and interview conducted to 45 students of the second semester of the English Department who joining speaking for professional context class at Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika in Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The findings of the research revealed various problems for students as indicated in the current research. A total of 5 problems arose during online learning in the Speaking for Professional class. The arisen problem was: The first problem was related to Youtube video as the source of learning materials. The second problem was dealing with the students’ difficulties in elaborating the materials given by the lecturer during an online class. The third problem was related to the students’ procedure in doing the project or assignment given by the lecturer. The fourth problem was dealing with Students’ limitations in accessing ZOOM Meetings. The Students’ learning equipment and supporting facilities also contributed as the fifth arisen problems of the students while having online learning during COVID-19  pandemic situations. The findings provide information for further development and improvement in online teaching and learning procedures. Further research on the strategy of how the students face the challenge and adapt are encouraged.

Abstract. Muzzazinah, Suratman, Nurmiyati, Ariani SRD. 2021. Morphological and anatomical characters variation of Indigofera accessions from Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2104-2116. The objective of this research was to evaluate morphological and anatomical character variation of Indigofera accessions from Java, Indonesia. A total of 15 accessions from three species of Indigofera were collected from centers of Batik manufacturing in Java located in the following locations: West Java (Pangandaran), Yogyakarta (Bantul, Kulonprogo), Central Java (Sragen, Sukoharjo, Karanganyar) and East Java (Tuban). There were 14 tested morphological characters based on measurement of vegetative and generative organs. Anatomical characters were observed from paradermal sections and there were 12 tested characters. Analysis of variance was performed for observed morphological and anatomical characters data in order to test the significance of variation among accessions using SPSS software. The characters' mean values then were used to perform principal component analysis and cluster analysis using PAST software. A cluster analysis was conducted by applying an Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA) in order to group the accessions based on morphological and anatomical character similarity. The analysis of variance for the evaluated morphological and anatomical characters revealed highly significant differences among accessions for all of the tested characters suggesting that there was a high degree of phenotypic diversity among Indigofera accessions. Principal component analysis indicated that the first 2 components accounted for 90.72 % and 88.96 % of the total variation for morphological and anatomical data sets, respectively. Cluster analysis using morphological characters data revealed three main clusters. Four main clusters were then highlighted in cluster analysis of the anatomical character data. The grouping of the accession into clusters showed that there was no correlation between ecological habitat origin and the character diversity expressed among Indigofera accession. However, accessions that came from the same species had the tendency to cluster together.

<p><a name="_Hlk55556551"></a><span lang="EN-US">This research aims to scientifically develop bioactive compounds from honey pineapple peel and develop a dish soap formulation with extract additives of honey pineapple peel that can be antibacterial. </span><span lang="EN-US">The research was conducted in stages, namely process of extracting honey pineapple peel was carried out by the maceration method using 96% ethanol as a solvent</span><span lang="IN">, p</span><span lang="EN-US">hytochemical screening of the ethanol extract of honey pineapple peel was done to determine the class of compounds contained in the extract</span><span lang="IN">, and a</span><span lang="EN-US">pplication of honey pineapple peel extract in dish soap formulation was to obtain a dish soap formulation with optimal antibacterial activity. Testing the ability of dish soap products to inhibit <em>S. aureus</em> bacteria was performed by the method of filter paper disc diffusion. </span><span lang="EN-US">The results revealed that the ethanol extract of honey pineapple peel contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. The ethanol extract of honey pineapple peel has been applied in a dish soap formulation and tested for the antibacterial activity of <em>S. aureus</em>. Antibacterial test results showed that the dish soap formulation with the addition of 5% pineapple peel extract provided strong antibacterial activity, indicated by a precise zone formation of 12.60 mm</span></p>

21st-century learning presents chemistry teachers with new challenges in teaching abstract chemistry concepts with various technologies that continue to develop. One of the media that can visualize abstract chemical concepts is Augmented Reality (AR). AR media developed in chemistry learning needs to be valid so that it can be used properly. Therefore, this study aims to examine the validity of the Android-based AR media developed. Four education practitioners carried out the validation as experts, and 13 students participated as respondents. The instrument used is a questionnaire with a Likert scale. The data obtained were analyzed quantitatively with the Rasch model using the facet software. The results of the analysis show that the Exact Agreements are 41.10%, and the Expected Agreements are 42.20%. The most challenging aspect to achieve is media design, while profit is the most easily agreed-upon aspect. Based on this assessment, in the development of augmented reality media, it is necessary to pay attention to display aspects and 3D objects suitable for viewing a material so that it is easier for users to understand the material.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of problem-based learning-based e-modules on pressure materials and their application in daily life to improve students' problem-solving skills. This research is a type of R&D research that uses the design of a Non-equivalent Pretest-Posttest Control Group with a sampling technique, namely purposive random sampling. The instruments used to obtain data include a reading interest test adapted from Khoiriah et al. (2020) and a problem-solving skills essay test based on pressure material indicators whose results are analyzed by the N-Gain Score test. The subjects of this study were two science teachers and 64 students of class VIII of SMPN 2 Colomadu. They were divided into 32 students in the experimental class and 32 in the control class. The research results showed that problem-based learning-based e-modules on pressure materials and their daily application improved students' problem-solving abilities of SMP N 2 Colomadu