Morphological and anatomical characters variation of Indigofera accessions from Java, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Muzzazinah, Suratman, Nurmiyati, Ariani SRD. 2021. Morphological and anatomical characters variation of Indigofera accessions from Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2104-2116. The objective of this research was to evaluate morphological and anatomical character variation of Indigofera accessions from Java, Indonesia. A total of 15 accessions from three species of Indigofera were collected from centers of Batik manufacturing in Java located in the following locations: West Java (Pangandaran), Yogyakarta (Bantul, Kulonprogo), Central Java (Sragen, Sukoharjo, Karanganyar) and East Java (Tuban). There were 14 tested morphological characters based on measurement of vegetative and generative organs. Anatomical characters were observed from paradermal sections and there were 12 tested characters. Analysis of variance was performed for observed morphological and anatomical characters data in order to test the significance of variation among accessions using SPSS software. The characters' mean values then were used to perform principal component analysis and cluster analysis using PAST software. A cluster analysis was conducted by applying an Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA) in order to group the accessions based on morphological and anatomical character similarity. The analysis of variance for the evaluated morphological and anatomical characters revealed highly significant differences among accessions for all of the tested characters suggesting that there was a high degree of phenotypic diversity among Indigofera accessions. Principal component analysis indicated that the first 2 components accounted for 90.72 % and 88.96 % of the total variation for morphological and anatomical data sets, respectively. Cluster analysis using morphological characters data revealed three main clusters. Four main clusters were then highlighted in cluster analysis of the anatomical character data. The grouping of the accession into clusters showed that there was no correlation between ecological habitat origin and the character diversity expressed among Indigofera accession. However, accessions that came from the same species had the tendency to cluster together.

Pollen morphological characters variation among species of Strobilanthes s.l. from Sumatra, Indonesia and its taxonomic implications

“…PC analysis thereby confirmed the accuracy of the constructed dendrogram obtained from cluster analysis. These results also indicate that the data on pollen morphology obtained from this study were accurate, precise, and reliable (Tuhina-Khatun et al 2015;Muzzazinah et al 2021).…”

“…The measured quantitative pollen morphological characters were analyzed with Duncan's multiple range test (p < 0.05) using SPSS 20.0 version software to test the significance of variation among all of the tested species through analysis of variance (Suratman et al 2016;Pitoyo et al 2018;Restykania et al 2019). All of the tested pollen morphological characters (both quantitative and qualitative) then subjected to principal component analysis using software of PAST 4.03 version in order to determine the relative contribution of each character to the total variation and the importance of the tested characters for discrimination of all of the tested taxa (Muzzazinah et al 2021). A dendrogram was generated by the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA) procedure through the cluster analysis method in order to group all of the tested species based on pollen morphological characters similarity.…”

Leaf anatomical characters variation of Strobilanthes s.l. from Sumatra, Indonesia and its taxonomic implications

“…The quantitative and qualitative leaf anatomical characters then subjected to principal component analysis in order to evaluate the importance of the tested characters for the discrimination of the taxa. A software of PAST 4.03 version was used to perform principal component analysis (Muzzazinah et al 2021). A cluster analysis within a computer programme, NTSYS ver.…”

“…are filiform, wide at base and tapering towards the apex, composed of multicellular cells of which the apical cells are the longest (Moylan et al 2004b). Hence, trichomes can be used as a good diagnostic character to distinguish each plant taxa at species level because they show a great variation qualitatively and quantitatively (Muzzazinah et al 2021). The occurrence of trichomes, variation in their morphological form and density on both leaf surfaces are then considered important for providing taxonomic relationships of the studied taxa (Juhari et al 2014;Singh et al 2020;Zakaria et al 2022).…”

“…The use of anatomical features in the identification and delimitation of plant groups is widely accepted (Aworinde et al 2013;Awomukwu et al 2015;Syaheera et al 2015;Nwachukwu et al 2016;Budel et al 2018;Migacz et al 2018;Nikmah et al 2020;Paul and Chowdhury 2021;Zakaria et al 2022). The leaf anatomy characters are considered the second most important characters after flowers and fruits in taxonomic studies (Chauhan and Daniel 2011;Muzzazinah et al 2021). They will be important to solving taxonomic problems such as identification, delimitation, classification, and arranging interrelationships among the plant groups (Wang et al 2015;Khan et al 2017;Wetzel et al 2017;Cheryatova 2020;Nikmah et al 2020).…”