Utilization of MSW as solid fuel has been developed through the process of gasification and pyrolysis. To improve energy efficiency during combustion, it needs uniformity of form and compaction, therefore MSW is formed in the form of pellets. The purpose of this research was to determine the physical characteristics of MSW pellets with the addition of binder and pellet drying process. Pellets consist of organic material, plastic, paper and leaves which are dried and crushed to reduce size. The material is mixed with the tapioca flour binder content of 0%, 3% and 6% and then compacted in the form of pellets. After the milling process, the pellets are dried with a treatment of 0, 6 and 12 hours to measure physical characteristics, moisture content and caloric value. Physical measurements consist of tests of density, durability and hardness. The developed pellet had a size length of 23.6 – 24 mm and diameter of 7.8-8.2 mm and 1.16-1.36 grams of weight the individual pellet. From the results of measurements and observations, pellets with 0% binder adding and 12-hours of drying can produce better quality, in the absence of fungal contamination and have a higher caloric value. MSW pellets from that process have achieved European pellet standards for physical properties, moisture content and caloric value.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of ratio composition and particle size on pelletization of various feedstocks. The feedstock materials were used leaves, wood, junk waste, shells of coconut and combination of any kind of pure feedstock materials with composition ratio 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75. The feedstocks with highest calorific value crushed and filtered using variation of mesh (20,40,60,80,100 and 120mesh) before pressing in mold dies diameter 6.5mm using multiple pellet press at 70kg/cm 2 . The results showed that combination with wood results higher calorific value of feedstock, and larger particle size impact lower durability and lower density.
The landfill gas technology has been implemented in some landfill in urban area of Indonesia. Bantargebang integrated waste treatment (TPST Bantargebang) is the first landfill completed with energy recovery facility, landfill gas technology. TPST Bantargebang power plant established in 2010 and supplied electricity to grid. The electrical energy supplied tend to decrease and only reaches 2.4 GWh in 2017. Energy potential is important to evaluated for knowing the performance of TPST Bantargebang power plant. By using Modified Triangular Method, obtained the results that the electricity energy potential equal to 4.5 GWh. The calculation also estimate the emission reduction potential about 4325.88 tCO2/year, and economic potential from sales of electricity about 3.7 billion rupiah.
Reaction rate model could be determined from kinetic characteristics. Kinetic and thermal decomposition of municipal solid waste (MSW) pellets, consist of organic material, plastic, paper and leaves, with tapioca flour as binder (0%, 3% and 6%) were studied in thermogravimetric analyzer from temperature 50°C to 800°C at heating rate 10 0C/min in N2 atmospheres. The kinetic parameter were determined by Model Fitting or Coats Redfern Methods with different kinetic reaction model. Results of this study have shown that MSW pellets in various binder has activation energy values 64.64 kJ/mol and 22.06 kJ/mol for 0%, 68.83 kJ/mol and 21.99 kJ/mol for 3%, and 69.29 kJ/mol and 22.62 kJ/mol for 6% at temperature ranges between 200°C-400°C and 400°C-500°C respectively in typical three dimensional diffusion (D3) mechanism kinetic reaction model.
Indonesia as a maritime country has high potential in developing microalgae. Microalgae in Indonesia have a high oil component of around 20-30%, for example Nitzschia palea (23%), Chlorella vulgaris (27%), and Euglena gracilis (20%). In addition to biofuel production, the microalgae species chlorella vulgaris can also be used as part of wastewater treatment. This paper aims to optimize the photo-bioreactor design for microalgae with multi-objective functions including exergy and economics. One method used is the Multi-Objective Multi-Verse Optimizer (MOMVO). MOMVO optimization is related to several objective functions with specified constrain. Objective functions and constraints will be resolved in the form of algorithmic functions. From the optimization results using the Multi-Objective Multi-Verse Optimizer (MOMVO), it can be concluded that the optimum exergy value is at 1292.5 cd and the pressure is 3.34 kPa with an exergy destruction value of 23,424.96 kW and a total cost of $ 42,744.85. While the optimum economic value is at 1292.51 cd and the pressure is 3.34 kPa with an exergy value of destruction of 23,726.82 kW and a total cost of $ 42,837.36.
In Indonesia, the waste to energy conversion technology has been installed and operate in some landfill, such as Bantargebang landfill where applied landfill gas recovery methods. Evaluate the running process is important to optimize the installed facilities and the other potential technology. This paper aims to evaluate the running process technology in Bantargebang landfill compare with the other waste to energy technology so it can be used as a reference for upgrading technology. Evaluation using Multi Criteria Decision Making techninque with observe method Analitycal Hierarcy Process adopt energy (energy content and net electrical output), environment (MSW reduction and GHG emission), and economic (initial cost and operation maintenance cost) as criterions. The results shows that the anaerobic digestion as alternative technology is the best technology with total point 2.71, followed by inceneration pelletization at second rank with total point 2.70, and running process landfill gas recovery at third rank with total point 2.56.
The process of waste to energy can solve the problem of waste and produce energy as a by-product. The waste can be used as a raw material in pelletization process which then used as a fuel in the thermal processing technology. In the pelletization process there are operational variables that influence the characteristics and quality of the pellets. Variation of waste composition (food waste, garden waste, plastic and paper), die temperature (ambient, 60°C, 80°C, 100°C, and 150°C) and particle size (mixed, <0.5 mm, and 0.5-5 mm) are done in this study. The waste was processed through natural drying, crushing, and pelletizing using the single pellet press method. The pellet pressure and dimensions of the pellet mold are fixed at 288 MPa and 6 mm in diameter. Density measured by verniercaliper and precision analytical balance. Calorific value measured by bomb calorimeter PARR 6400. The results showed that there was a simultaneous influence of die temperature on the density and calorific value of the pellet.
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