The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of ratio composition and particle size on pelletization of various feedstocks. The feedstock materials were used leaves, wood, junk waste, shells of coconut and combination of any kind of pure feedstock materials with composition ratio 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75. The feedstocks with highest calorific value crushed and filtered using variation of mesh (20,40,60,80,100 and 120mesh) before pressing in mold dies diameter 6.5mm using multiple pellet press at 70kg/cm 2 . The results showed that combination with wood results higher calorific value of feedstock, and larger particle size impact lower durability and lower density.
Utilization of MSW as solid fuel has been developed through the process of gasification and pyrolysis. To improve energy efficiency during combustion, it needs uniformity of form and compaction, therefore MSW is formed in the form of pellets. The purpose of this research was to determine the physical characteristics of MSW pellets with the addition of binder and pellet drying process. Pellets consist of organic material, plastic, paper and leaves which are dried and crushed to reduce size. The material is mixed with the tapioca flour binder content of 0%, 3% and 6% and then compacted in the form of pellets. After the milling process, the pellets are dried with a treatment of 0, 6 and 12 hours to measure physical characteristics, moisture content and caloric value. Physical measurements consist of tests of density, durability and hardness. The developed pellet had a size length of 23.6 – 24 mm and diameter of 7.8-8.2 mm and 1.16-1.36 grams of weight the individual pellet. From the results of measurements and observations, pellets with 0% binder adding and 12-hours of drying can produce better quality, in the absence of fungal contamination and have a higher caloric value. MSW pellets from that process have achieved European pellet standards for physical properties, moisture content and caloric value.
The landfill gas technology has been implemented in some landfill in urban area of Indonesia. Bantargebang integrated waste treatment (TPST Bantargebang) is the first landfill completed with energy recovery facility, landfill gas technology. TPST Bantargebang power plant established in 2010 and supplied electricity to grid. The electrical energy supplied tend to decrease and only reaches 2.4 GWh in 2017. Energy potential is important to evaluated for knowing the performance of TPST Bantargebang power plant. By using Modified Triangular Method, obtained the results that the electricity energy potential equal to 4.5 GWh. The calculation also estimate the emission reduction potential about 4325.88 tCO2/year, and economic potential from sales of electricity about 3.7 billion rupiah.
Reaction rate model could be determined from kinetic characteristics. Kinetic and thermal decomposition of municipal solid waste (MSW) pellets, consist of organic material, plastic, paper and leaves, with tapioca flour as binder (0%, 3% and 6%) were studied in thermogravimetric analyzer from temperature 50°C to 800°C at heating rate 10 0C/min in N2 atmospheres. The kinetic parameter were determined by Model Fitting or Coats Redfern Methods with different kinetic reaction model. Results of this study have shown that MSW pellets in various binder has activation energy values 64.64 kJ/mol and 22.06 kJ/mol for 0%, 68.83 kJ/mol and 21.99 kJ/mol for 3%, and 69.29 kJ/mol and 22.62 kJ/mol for 6% at temperature ranges between 200°C-400°C and 400°C-500°C respectively in typical three dimensional diffusion (D3) mechanism kinetic reaction model.
Indonesia as a maritime country has high potential in developing microalgae. Microalgae in Indonesia have a high oil component of around 20-30%, for example Nitzschia palea (23%), Chlorella vulgaris (27%), and Euglena gracilis (20%). In addition to biofuel production, the microalgae species chlorella vulgaris can also be used as part of wastewater treatment. This paper aims to optimize the photo-bioreactor design for microalgae with multi-objective functions including exergy and economics. One method used is the Multi-Objective Multi-Verse Optimizer (MOMVO). MOMVO optimization is related to several objective functions with specified constrain. Objective functions and constraints will be resolved in the form of algorithmic functions. From the optimization results using the Multi-Objective Multi-Verse Optimizer (MOMVO), it can be concluded that the optimum exergy value is at 1292.5 cd and the pressure is 3.34 kPa with an exergy destruction value of 23,424.96 kW and a total cost of $ 42,744.85. While the optimum economic value is at 1292.51 cd and the pressure is 3.34 kPa with an exergy value of destruction of 23,726.82 kW and a total cost of $ 42,837.36.
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