Permanent mandibular central incisor is rarely affected by tooth shape anomalies of crown and root. Co-occurrence of multiple anomalies in a permanent mandibular central incisor is extremely rare. This paper reports an unusual concurrent combination of multiple dental anomalies affecting both the crown and root of a permanent mandibular left central incisor -talon cusp, dens invaginatus, short root anomaly and macrodontia -, which has not previously been reported together. Case management is described and implications are discussed. The dentist should be aware of these rare entities in order to provide an accurate diagnosis and management for which detailed examination of the tooth both clinically and radiographically is very important.
Mesiodens is a midline supernumerary tooth commonly seen in the maxillary arch and the talon cusp is a rare dental developmental anomaly seen on the lingual surface of anterior teeth. This paper presents a rare clinical case of development of talon cusp in a mesiodens with multiple lobes, which interfered with both occlusion and appearance of an 11-year-old patient. During clinical interview, the patient reported difficulty on mastication. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed that a supernumerary tooth with completely formed root was causing an occlusal interference. The supernumerary tooth was diagnosed as multi-lobed mesiodens associated with a palatal talon cusp. The treatment plan consisted in the extraction of the supernumerary tooth followed by orthodontic treatment for diastema closure and tooth alignment.
Background: Caesarean section is associated with risks of postoperative adhesions, incisional hernias (which may require surgical correction) and wound infections. The risk of the surgery may be increased due to a number of factors. The aim of the study was to study the effects of repeated caesarean sections and intra surgical difficulties.Methods: A cross sectional, observational, hospital-based study was done for all patients with repeat caesarean section for a period of 8 months. 190 women who have undergone one or more caesarean section of term gestation with a live foetus irrespective of amniotic fluid colour and amount with cephalic, breech, or transverse presentation elective and emergency caesarean sections and singleton or multiple pregnancies were selected for study.Results: In the present study the highest prevalence of previous C-section was seen in age group 20-29 years, which accounted for (88.5%). Complications are present in 42.1% patients in which adhesions was the most found complication. Adhesion between Parietal peritoneum and anterior surface of uterus is present in 26.3% patients, omentum and uterus is present in 25.8% patients, adhesiolysis was done in 28.9% patients. 80% complications were present in patients with one previous CS. The association was found to be statistically significant.Conclusions: Women undergoing repeated cesarean sections have a risk of increased morbidity due to increased intraoperative complications. To avoid this one should keep the cesarean section rate at reasonable limit with appropriate surgical techniques and to limit primary cesarean section rate.
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