A novel, Gram-negative, non-motile, non-sporulating, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from a viscous two-phase olive-oil mill waste ('alpeorujo') is described. The strain, designated AW-6 T , is an obligate aerobe, forming irregular, pigmented creamy white colonies. The pH and temperature ranges for growth were pH 5-8 and 5-45 6C, with optimal pH and temperature for growth of pH 6-7 and 28-32 6C, respectively. Strain AW-6 T was chemo-organotrophic and utilized mostly D(+)-glucose, protocatechuate and D(+)-xylose, followed by L-cysteine, D(")-fructose, D(+)-galactose, L-histidine, lactose, sorbitol and sucrose. Menaquinone-7 was detected in the respiratory chain of strain AW-6 T . The major fatty acids of strain AW-6 T were C 16 : 1 v7c and/or iso-C 15 : 0 2-OH, iso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH and C 16 : 0 . The closest phylogenetic relative of strain AW-6 T was clone BIti35 (89.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), while Sphingobacterium thalpophilum DSM 11723 T was the closest recognized relative within the Sphingobacteriaceae (88.2 % similarity). Strain AW-6 T showed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness to S. thalpophilum DSM 11723 T (33.8-37.0 %). The DNA G+C content of strain AW-6 T was 45.6 mol%. Physiological and chemotaxonomic data further confirmed the distinctiveness of strain AW-6 T from members of the genera Sphingobacterium and Pedobacter. Thus, strain AW-6 T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus within the family Sphingobacteriaceae, for which the name Olivibacter sitiensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AW-6 T (=DSM 17696 T =CECT 7133 T ).
Olive mill wastes (OMWs) are high-strength organic effluents, which upon disposal can degrade soil and water quality, negatively affecting aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The main purpose of this review paper is to provide an up-to-date knowledge concerning the microbial communities identified over the past 20 years in olive mill wastes using both culture-dependent and independent approaches. A database survey of 16S rRNA gene sequences (585 records in total) obtained from olive mill waste environments revealed the dominance of members of Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. Independent studies confirmed that OMW microbial communities' structure is cultivar dependant. On the other hand, the detection of fecal bacteria and other potential human pathogens in OMWs is of major concern and deserves further examination. Despite the fact that the degradation and detoxification of the olive mill wastes have been mostly investigated through the application of known bacterial and fungal species originated from other environmental sources, the biotechnological potential of indigenous microbiota should be further exploited in respect to olive mill waste bioremediation and inactivation of plant and human pathogens. The implementation of omic and metagenomic approaches will further elucidate disposal issues of olive mill wastes.
Halotalea alkalilenta gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel osmotolerant and alkalitolerant bacterium from alkaline olive mill wastes, and emended description of the family Halomonadaceae Franzmann et al. 1989, emend. Dobson andFranzmann 1996 A novel Gram-negative, motile, nonsporulating, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from alkaline sludge-like wastes ('alpeorujo' or 'alperujo') of two-phase olive oil extraction is described. The strain, designated AW-7 T , is an obligate aerobe that is halotolerant (tolerating up to 15 % w/v NaCl), sugar-tolerant (tolerating up to 45 % and 60 % w/v (+)-D-glucose and maltose respectively; these are the highest concentrations tolerated by any known members of the Bacteria domain) and alkalitolerant (growing at a broad pH range of 5-11). Strain AW-7 T is chemo-organotrophic. Ubiquinone-9 was detected in the respiratory chain of strain AW-7 T . The major fatty acids present are C 18 : 1 v7c, C 16 : 0 , C 19 : 0 cyclo v8c, C 12 : 0 3-OH and C 16 : 1 v7c/iso-C 15 : 0 2-OH. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain AW-7 T showed almost equal phylogenetic distances from Zymobacter palmae (95.6 % similarity) and Carnimonas nigrificans (95.4 % similarity). In addition, low DNA-DNA relatedness values were found for strain AW-7 T against Carnimonas nigrificans CECT 4437 T (22.5-25.4 %) and Z. palmae DSM 10491 T (11.9-14.4 %). The DNA G+C content of strain AW-7 T is 64.4 mol%. Physiological and chemotaxonomic data further confirmed the differentiation of strain AW-7 T from the genera Zymobacter and Carnimonas. Thus, strain AW-7 T represents a novel bacterial genus within the family Halomonadaceae, for which the name Halotalea gen. nov. is proposed. Halotalea alkalilenta sp. nov. (type strain AW-7 T 5DSM 17697 T 5CECT 7134 T ) is proposed as the type species of the genus Halotalea gen. nov. A reassignment of the descriptive 16S rRNA signature characteristics of the family Halomonadaceae permitted the placement of the novel genus Halotalea into the family; in contrast, the genus Halovibrio possessed only 12 out of the 18 signature characteristics proposed, and hence it was excluded from the family Halomonadaceae.
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