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Background: The psychological burden of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak and lockdown strategy among young people not diagnosed with COVID-19 in the general population remains unknown and often have been overlooked. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence and predictors of anxiety, depression and stress among young people diagnosed with COVID-19 of Bangladesh amidst the pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from 1 May to 30 May 2020 using an online Google formbased questionnaire posted on Facebook. A snowball sampling approach was used for data collection. A total of 974 self-declared healthy individuals not diagnosed with COVID-19 participated here. Anxiety, depression and stress were measured using Bangla validated Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) scale, and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), respectively. Statistical software SPSS 20 was used for analysis. Result: Average age of the population was 25.86 AE 6.26 (SD) years with nearly half (48.6%) of them being young people (15 to 24 years). Most of the participants were male (76.3%). The overall prevalence of anxiety, depression and stress was found to be 64.1%, 73.3% and 69.4%, respectively. Young people had significantly higher proportion of anxiety (67.2% vs 61.1%), and depression (78.2% vs 68.7%) compared to adults (p ¼ 0.045 and p < 0.001, respectively). However, most of the participants had mild depression (30.3%), minimal anxiety (31.4%), and moderate stress (67.5%), and severity of depression and anxiety was higher in the young participants. The mean GAD-7, PHQ-9 and PSS scores were 7.57 AE 5.61, 9.19 AE 6.15 and 16.02 AE 5.55 (SD), respectively. On multivariable logistic analysis, unemployment (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 3.642; Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.005-13.200; p < 0.05) was the single most important predictor of depression. For stress, unemployment (AOR 1.399; CI: 1.055-1.855), and female sex (AOR 1.638; CI: 1.158-2.317) were significant predictors. Conclusion: Anxiety, depression and stress were highly prevalent among young people ( 24 years) not diagnosed with COVID-19 in Bangladesh amidst the pandemic. Unemployment is the most common underlying determinant. Authorities should address the issue on a priority basis.

Background: The pandemic of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has cost a large number of lives and is causing substantial mental stress among people. We conducted a study to identify the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and prevalence of anxiety and depression among confirmed COVID-19 cases in Bangladesh.Methods: An online cross-sectional survey using a preformed questionnaire adapted in Google form was conducted for data collection. The form was shared along with a brief introduction and rationale via Facebook, Twitter, Facebook Messenger, Viber, and What’s App. Formal ethical clearance was taken from the Biomedical Research Foundation, Bangladesh. Informed consent was ensured before participation.Results: Seventy-four patients with COVID-19 who had an average age of 42.59±14.43 years with male predominance (77%) were included. A total of 29.7% were doing health-care related jobs, and 14.9% lost their jobs due to COVID-19. Patients had a median income of BDT 30000. Of all, 87.8% of patients were symptomatic and presented with fever (77%), cough (58.8%), breathlessness (24.3%), myalgia (24.3%), sore throat (21.6%), fatigue (17.6%), nausea and/or vomiting (12.2%), headache (12.2%), runny nose (9.5%), chest pain (9.5%), diarrhea (8.1%), ARDS (2.7%), stuffy nose (2.7%), conjunctivitis (1.4%) and oral ulcer (1.4%). Overall, the prevalence of anxiety and depression was 60% and 52.9%, respectively. Among the participants, 11.4% had only anxiety, 4.3% had only depression and 48.6% had both.Conclusion: Patients were mostly middle aged, male and healthy workers. Typical presentations were fever and cough. Nearly two-thirds of the patients had either or both anxiety and depression.

Open restaurant food vendor and consumer status as well as hygienic condition of different types of food at Dumki, Patuakhali upazila, and Kuakata union of Patuakhali district were determined. Ninety shops with 180 open restaurant food samples were collected. Among the food vendors, 97.78% were male. Maximum (68%) of them were between 21-40 years of age. The majority (54%) of them were primary educated. Half of the vending shops located on the sidewalk and one third on the footpath. The majority (81%) of the respondent had their daily net profit up to TK. 500. About 64% of vendors did not cover their food while selling; 47.78% used unclean towels and 27.78 % used plate followed by paper & polythene (49.45%) as a serving media. Everyone used tube-well water as drinking water. The few had a business permit or food-selling permit. Maximum (83.33%) consumers were male, and the highest consumers (76.667%) were aged between 21-40 years. The majority (57.77%) of consumers always consume foods on roadside. 60% of the consumers suffered from diseases. Only 4.44% of consumer had enough knowledge about nutrition and 8.89% in hygiene. About all food items contained E. coli. and salmonella. Water and salad was fully contaminated by this microorganism.

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