Sociodemographic profile, clinical characteristics, anxiety, and depression of 74 patients infected with COVID-19: first report from Bangladesh

Abstract

Background: The pandemic of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has cost a large number of lives and is causing substantial mental stress among people. We conducted a study to identify the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and prevalence of anxiety and depression among confirmed COVID-19 cases in Bangladesh.Methods: An online cross-sectional survey using a preformed questionnaire adapted in Google form was conducted for data collection. The form was shared along with a brief introduction and rationale via Facebook, Twitter, Facebook Messenger, Viber, and What’s App. Formal ethical clearance was taken from the Biomedical Research Foundation, Bangladesh. Informed consent was ensured before participation.Results: Seventy-four patients with COVID-19 who had an average age of 42.59±14.43 years with male predominance (77%) were included. A total of 29.7% were doing health-care related jobs, and 14.9% lost their jobs due to COVID-19. Patients had a median income of BDT 30000. Of all, 87.8% of patients were symptomatic and presented with fever (77%), cough (58.8%), breathlessness (24.3%), myalgia (24.3%), sore throat (21.6%), fatigue (17.6%), nausea and/or vomiting (12.2%), headache (12.2%), runny nose (9.5%), chest pain (9.5%), diarrhea (8.1%), ARDS (2.7%), stuffy nose (2.7%), conjunctivitis (1.4%) and oral ulcer (1.4%). Overall, the prevalence of anxiety and depression was 60% and 52.9%, respectively. Among the participants, 11.4% had only anxiety, 4.3% had only depression and 48.6% had both.Conclusion: Patients were mostly middle aged, male and healthy workers. Typical presentations were fever and cough. Nearly two-thirds of the patients had either or both anxiety and depression.

Socio-demographic, clinical, hospital admission and oxygen requirement characteristics of COVID-19 patients of Bangladesh

“…Higher age range is probably the affected older aged family members of the patient. Like other studies 11,7,[12][13][14] from home and abroad male were more than female in our study. MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV had a similar pattern of sex distribution.…”

“…In our study we have studied of 305 RT-PCR positive COVID-19 patients. Mean age of the patient was 36.32(+/-12.369) years; another study 11 from our country showed mean age was 42.59±14.43 years. Data from the Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control, and Research (IEDCR) 10 revealed that 42% of the Bangladeshi COVID-19 cases were aged between 21 and 50 years but in our study age range was 17-78 years.…”

“…In earlier time of the COVID situation of Bangladesh Hasan et al 11 (Hasan et al) found that 60% and 52.9% had anxiety and depression; among them 21.4% had severe anxiety and 8.1% had severe depression. In our study 91.8% were in mental stress to become the cause of spreading COVID-19 to other family members, 27.9% were suffering from fear of death, 20.7% were anxious that they will not get oxygen and ICU if they will require.…”

“…In earlier time of the COVID situation of Bangladesh Hasan et al 11 has shown that 6.8% patient needed oxygenation. But in our study 14% patients needed oxygen and 18.8% patients taken oxygen at their home.…”

“…A report from Bangladesh (Hasan et al 11 ) found 87.8% of participants were symptomatic, wherein the most commonly reported symptoms were fever (77%), cough (56.8%), breathlessness 24.3%, myalgia (24.3%), sore throat (21.6%) and fatigue (17.6%). In our study breathlessness was present in 23.5%, which is much lower than WHO suggested 25 prevalence (31-40%) and report from Iran.…”