ACLInternational audienceThe development of territorial observatories - complexity and pragmatism Evolutions in our globalized societies and their impact on territories and environment are making it essential for decision makers and stakeholders to understand the state and dynamics of the territories in their areas of competence. In this context, and in view of the multiplicity and complexity of territorial systems, the development of observational tools appears essential. Observation, at the interface between reality and knowledge and therefore necessary for all planning and prospective approaches, appears as the strategic informational link in decisional circuits and hence in the necessary regulation of territorial systems.Les évolutions de nos sociétés mondialisées et leurs effets sur les territoires et l'environnement imposent aux décideurs et aux praticiens de l'aménagement de comprendre l'état et les dynamiques de leurs territoires de compétences. Dans ce contexte, face à la multiplicité des données à considérer et à la complexité des systèmes territoriaux, le développement d'outils d'observation s'avère plus que jamais nécessaire. Interface entre réalité et connaissances et de ce fait indispensable à toute démarche de planification et de prospective, l'observation apparaît alors comme un maillon informationnel stratégique des circuits décisionnels et donc de la régulation nécessaire des systèmes territoriaux
IntroductionL'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer la prévalence des dyslipidémies chez les patients reçus au laboratoire de Biochimie de l'Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec pour le dosage d'un paramètre lipidique au cours de l'année 2013.MéthodesIl s'agit d'une étude rétrospective portant sur 1356 patients âgés de 10 à 94 ans reçus au laboratoire de Biochimie du CHU Le Dantec de janvier à décembre 2013. Etaient inclus dans l'étude, tous les patients ayant au moins un paramètre du bilan lipidique dont les résultats étaient enregistrés dans le registre du laboratoire. Le cholestérol total, le cholestérol HDL, le cholestérol LDL ainsi que les triglycérides ont été dosés grâce à des méthodes enzymatiques sur un automate de Biochimie de type Cobas Integra 400 (Roche Diagnostics).RésultatsLa prévalence des dyslipidémies dans notre population d'étude est de 39,30%. Les prévalences de l'hypercholestérolémie, l'hypoHDLémie, l'hyperLDLémie, l'hypertriglycéridémie et l'hyperlipidémie mixte étaient respectivement : 30,89% ; 7,30% ; 31,19% ; 0,51% ; 7,22%. Les sujets de 40 à 59 ans semblaient être plus exposés et on note une prédominance féminine en ce qui concerne l'hypercholestérolémie (54,17% vs 45,82%), l'hypoHDLémie (54,54% vs45, 45%), et l'hyperlipidémie mixte (51,08% vs 48,97%). Enfin les dyslipidémies étaient fortement corrélées à l'HTA et l'obésité.ConclusionLa forte prévalence des dyslipidémies retrouvée dans notre étude démontre l'intérêt d'étudier la prévalence des facteurs de risque cardio-vasculaires en particulier les dyslipidémies dans la population sénégalaise.
Background Several predisposing factors for diabetes mellitus have been identified, including cluster determinant 36 (CD36) receptor expression. We aimed to determine the effects of CD36 gene polymorphisms and hypermethylation on the plasma CD36 protein levels in type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 100 females (lean healthy control subjects and subjects with type 2 diabetes). This study was conducted at the Human Physiology Laboratory at the Dakar Faculty of Medicine in Senegal. Circulating sCD36 levels and DNA methyltransferase 3a levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The other biological parameters were evaluated in a biochemical laboratory. CD36 gene polymorphisms and methylation were explored by real-time polymerase chain reaction and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Results sCD36 was negatively correlated with HDL-cholesterol levels (r = − 0.52 p = 0.0001) and triglyceride levels (r = − 0.36 p = 0.01) in control subjects. However, in the type 2 diabetes group, sCD36 levels were positively correlated with total cholesterol levels (r = 0.28 p = 0.04). For rs3211867, control subjects harboring the CC genotypes had significantly higher sCD36 levels than control subjects harboring the AA/AC genotype (p = 0.02); in the type 2 diabetes group, the sCD36 level was not significantly lower in subjects harboring the AA/AC genotype than in subjects harboring the CC genotype (p = 0.27). CD36 gene methylation reduced the sCD36 level in the control subjects compared to control subjects without CD36 gene methylation (p = 0.03). This difference was not significant in the type 2 diabetes group comparing subjects with diabetes with CD36 gene methylation to subjects with diabetes without CD36 gene methylation (p = 0.09). We noted a nonsignificant increase in sCD36 levels in subjects with diabetes with CD36 gene methylation compared to control subjects with CD36 gene methylation (p = 0.27). A combination of the CD36 polymorphism effect and the CD36 methylation effect did not significantly reduce sCD36 levels in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion CD36 gene polymorphisms and CD36 gene methylation separately reduce sCD36 levels. Their impacts are compensated for in subjects with type 2 diabetes by an increase in sCD36 levels, the mechanism of which needs to be elucidated.
The evolution of gestational diabetes is most often marked by preventable maternal-foetal complications. The objective of this study was to identify factors inuencing the development of pregnancy in women with gestational diabetes. This was a retrospective and analytical study including women with gestational diabetes and treated in gynaecological services in Dakar and its suburbs between 2018 and 2019. A total of 24 women with gestational diabetes were recruited. The mean age of the patients was 29.9 ± 6.45 years (18-45) with a predominance of women over 30 years old. Dyslipidaemias were frequent (91.2%) with a predominance of hypercholesterolemia (n = 13, 54.2%) followed by hyperLDLemia (n = 10, 41.7%). The atherogenic risk was high with the TG / HDL (12.5%) and Apo B / A (20.83%) ratios. A positive correlation was noted between homocysteine and total cholesterol (r = 0.457, p = 0.025), LDL (r = 0.449, p = 0.028), triglycerides (r = 0.540, p = 0.006), apolipoproteins A (r = 0.463, p = 0.023) and B (r = 0.480, p = 0.018), urea (r = 0.0671, p <0.0001) and creatinine (r = 0.0673, p <0, 0001). The development of the pregnancy was marked by caesarean deliveries (54.2%) and macrosomia (8.3%). The factors which were identied in relation to the caesarean section were delayed diagnosis of GD, history of personal abortion (RR (CI) = 2.04 (0.4 - 10.6)), multiparity (RR (CI)) = 2.3 (0.4 - 12.7)) and the advanced age of the woman (RR (CI) = 2.1 (0.5 - 14.4)). The biological monitoring of women with gestational diabetes must consider the dosage of lipid parameters extended to apolipoproteins and homocysteine for a favourable outcome of the pregnancy
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