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Among 131 rhizobacteria isolates, 29 potentially antagonistic strains were screened in in vitro assays. The five antagonistic Bacillus spp. Rb29, Rb6, Rb12, Rb4, and Rb15 showed the most inhibitory effect against FOC1 (from 25.63 to 71.11%), mycelial growth, and FOC2 (from 28.43 to 60.65%) in vitro. Results also revealed that production of volatile metabolite, components and inhibition of the test pathogen by volatile metabolites varied among different antagonistic rhizobacteria. Isolates Rb29, Rb6, Rb12, Rb4, and Rb15 produced more volatile metabolites which inhibited mycelial FOC growth by 40%. Chickpea Fusarium wilt severity caused by FOC1 was reduced from 60 to 99% in the susceptible cultivar ILC 482 treated with antagonistic Bacillus spp. (Rb29, Rb6, Rb12, Rb4, and Rb15) in pot assays and by 98, 81, 68, 64, 57.20%, respectively, in the field trials. As for their beneficial effects on disease control, the results revealed that Bacillus spp. may improve plant growth and disease control.

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In 2019 and 2020, charcoal rot symptoms were observed on lentil plants in fields located in the Northwest of Algeria (Mascara Tiaret and Relizane). Based on morphological and molecular identification using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analyses, two representative isolates were identified as Macrophomina pseudophaseolina. Pathogenicity tests were performed and Koch's postulates were verified and fulfilled. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Macrophomina pseudophaseolina as the causal agent of charcoal rot of lentil in the world.

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