The treatment of pesticides is a necessity in view of the stability and toxicity of the pesticides that generate them. The objective of this work is to study the degradation of picloram in aqueous medium under UV irradiation. It is a selective and systemic herbicide that can control woody plants and broadleaf weeds. The irradiations were carried out using a mercury vapor lamp of wavelength λ = 365 nm. A high performance liquid chromatograph equipped with a UV / visible detector was used to analyze the samples. The degradation of picloram in aqueous medium was carried out by direct photolysis and photocatalysis. In direct photolysis, a low rate of product degradation (6.9 %) was obtained after 225 min of irradiation. Photolysis in the presence of a catalyst (TiO2) accelerated the degradation of the molecule. Experiments demonstrating the effect of the concentration of the catalyst showed that the optimum concentration corresponding to a maximum degradation of picloram is 4 mg / L (62.68 %). The study of the influence of the pH of the solution on the degradation indicates that the molecule degrades better in an acid medium (pH = 5) with a rate of 62 % in 225 min -ISSN 1857-7431 518 of irradiation. Apparent order 1 degradation kinetics were observed in all cases.European Scientific Journal October 2017 edition Vol.13, No.30 ISSN: 1857 -7881 (Print) e Keywords: Picloram, Herbicide, Photolysis, Photocatalysis RésuméLe traitement des effluents phytosanitaires s'avère une nécessité vue la stabilité et la toxicité des pesticides qui les génèrent. L'objectif de ce travail est d'étudier la dégradation du piclorame en milieu aqueux sous irradiation UV. Il s'agit d'un herbicide sélectif et systémique qui permet de lutter contre les plantes ligneuses et les dicotylédones. Les irradiations ont été faites à l'aide d'une lampe à vapeur de mercure de longueur d'onde λ=365 nm. Un chromatographe liquide haute performance équipé d'un détecteur UV/visible a permis d'analyser les échantillons. La dégradation du piclorame en milieu aqueux a été réalisée par photolyse directe et par photocatalyse. En photolyse directe, un faible taux de dégradation du produit (6,9 %) a été obtenu après 225 min d'irradiation. La photolyse en présence de catalyseur (TiO2) a permis d'accélérer la dégradation de la molécule. Les expériences mettant en évidence l'effet de la concentration du catalyseur, ont montré que la concentration optimale correspondant à une dégradation maximale du piclorame est de 4 mg/L (62,68 %). L'étude de l'influence du pH de la solution sur la dégradation indique que la molécule se dégrade mieux en milieu acide (pH = 5) avec un taux de 62 % en 225 min d'irradiation. Des cinétiques de dégradation d'ordre 1 apparent ont été observées dans tous les cas.
The study was done on two species of peppers capsicumannuum and capsicum fructescens. It concerned ninety samples of these two species, collected during three countrysides in two localities of Côte d'Ivoire (Bouake and Dabou). These samples were handled by means of a liquid-phase leading chromatograph SHIMADZU with the aim of determining the residues of pesticides. The observed results revealed a contamination of both species : capsicum annuum and capsicum fructescens, indeed, six residues of pesticides (chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, carbendazim, maneb, dimethoate and lambdacyaholothrine) were detected in these two species distributed in four families of pesticides (organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates and pyrethrinoïds). The analysis showed that pyrethrinoïdes with respective proportions of 76,17% and 75,95% in capsicum annuum and capsicum fructescens were the most important ; followed organophosphate with respective proportions of 10,93% and 20,04% in capsicum annuum and capsicum fructescens.The study also showed that the concentrations of residues of pesticides detected in the edible part (pericarp ) peppers are European Scientific Journal February 2018 edition Vol.14, No.6 ISSN: 1857 . L'analyse a montré que les pyréthrinoïdes avec des proportions respectives de 76,17% et 75,95% dans le Capsicum annuum et dans le Capsicum fructescens ont été les plus importants; suivi des organophosphorés avec des proportions respectives de 10,93% et 20,04% dans le Capsicum annuum et dans le Capsicum fructescens. L'étude a également montré que les concentrations de résidus de pesticides détectées dans la partie comestible (péricarpe) du poivron sont sensiblement égales à celles trouvées dans la partie non comestible (pulpe). Cependant, les résidus de pesticides détectés dans les poivrons des deux localités ont tous des concentrations moyennes inférieures aux normes établies par le Codex Alimentarius.Mots-clés : Pyréthrinoïdes, lambdacyaholothrine, Capsicum, annuum, fructescens IntroductionLa Côte d'Ivoire, dans sa politique agricole de diversification et d'autosuffisance alimentaire, s'est orientée dans la production des cultures maraîchères ; notamment dans la production du piment doux (Capsicum) plus connu sous le terme générique de poivron.C'est une plante maraîchère originaire d'Amérique tropicale, très appréciée pour ses fruits surtout consommés en tant que légumes (Tristan,
The Lobo is the source of drinking water for SODECI in the department of Daloa. The strong agricultural activity around it can lead to the dissipation of phytosanitary products into the environment. However, the transfer of pesticide residues from agricultural plots to this aquatic environment is little studied or even non-existent. The objective of this work is to determine the state of contamination of the Lobo River by phytosanitary products. The HPLC assays were carried out on water samples taken at the exit of the agricultural plots (upstream) and in the Lobo (downstream). These analyzes revealed the presence of residues of pesticides such as glyphosate, mancozeb 2,4-D and lambda-cyhalothrin at various concentrations. Indeed, at the exit of the agricultural plots (upstream) and in the Lobo (downstream), the average concentrations detected were respectively 0.89µg / L to 0.35 µg / L for glyphosate, 0.81µg / L at 0.38 µg / L for mancozeb, 0.5 µg / L at 0.39 µg / L for 2,4-D, and 0.06 µg / L at 0.02 µg / L for lambda-cyhalothrin. However, these values are higher than the international standard (WHO) which is 0.1µg / L at the exit of the plantations and in the waters of the Lobo except the values of 2,4-D.
The objective of thisstudywas to determine the level of contamination of chickenmeat and eggscollectedfrompoultryfarms in Ivory Coast by antibiotics (sulfadiazine, sulfadimethoxine, sarafloxacin and oxytetracycline). To carry out thiswork, thirty (30) samples of chickenflesh and thirty-six (36) samples of eggswerecollected on the two sites (Abidjan point kilometer 17 and Agnibilékrou). Thesesampleswereprocessed and thenassayed on a SHIMADZU chromatographic system consisting of a sample changer, a high pressure binary HPLC pump and a UV-Visible absorption detector. The results of the analyses showed the presence of antibiotics in the chickenmeatcollected in Abidjan and Agnibilékrou with variable levels. In Abidjan, apartfromsarafloxacin, the levels of the otherantibioticsdetected in the chickenmeatwereabove the European Union standards. In Agnibilékrou, they are all outside the standards except for oxytetracycline. Regardingeggsamples, the resultsshowed the presence of only one antibioticmolecule (sulfadiazine) in eggsamplestaken in Abidjan and Agnibilékrou withlevelsbelow the standard set by the European Union.
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