The present study aims at determining the level of contamination of the jawfish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) by organophosphate residues in the hydroelectric dams of Faé, Kossou and Taabo. Ninety (90) fish were collected from these three dams during eight sampling campaigns. Composite samples were formed, each for two fish. A total of forty-five (45) composite samples were formed. The detection of pesticide residues in the fish samples was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The results show that the average total organophosphate residue load at the three dams is 0.184 mg/kg. The Faé hydroelectric scheme had the highest total load of 0.266 mg/kg in fish samples, compared to 0.197 mg/kg for Taabo and 0.089 mg/kg for the Kossou hydroelectric dam. The relatively high average total concentration is observed for parathion-methyl with a value of 0.130 ± 0.023 mg/kg. Chlorfenvinphos, with a total average concentration of 0.046 ± 0.007 mg/kg was the only molecule present in all the fish samples analyzed in the three hydroelectric dams. In addition, most of the molecules detected in the fish samples had concentrations that exceeded the Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) for pesticides, whose values range from 0.01 to 0.05 mg/kg.
The objective of thisstudywas to determine the level of contamination of chickenmeat and eggscollectedfrompoultryfarms in Ivory Coast by antibiotics (sulfadiazine, sulfadimethoxine, sarafloxacin and oxytetracycline). To carry out thiswork, thirty (30) samples of chickenflesh and thirty-six (36) samples of eggswerecollected on the two sites (Abidjan point kilometer 17 and Agnibilékrou). Thesesampleswereprocessed and thenassayed on a SHIMADZU chromatographic system consisting of a sample changer, a high pressure binary HPLC pump and a UV-Visible absorption detector. The results of the analyses showed the presence of antibiotics in the chickenmeatcollected in Abidjan and Agnibilékrou with variable levels. In Abidjan, apartfromsarafloxacin, the levels of the otherantibioticsdetected in the chickenmeatwereabove the European Union standards. In Agnibilékrou, they are all outside the standards except for oxytetracycline. Regardingeggsamples, the resultsshowed the presence of only one antibioticmolecule (sulfadiazine) in eggsamplestaken in Abidjan and Agnibilékrou withlevelsbelow the standard set by the European Union.
Smoked fish plays a significant role in food security and nutrition, represents 2/3 of the consumption of fishery products in Ivory Coast and is still obtained using outdated traditional smoking methods. These methods are not very concerned with the health of the populations and the preservation of the environment, despite the existence of improved ovens called FTT ovens (FAO-Thiaroye Processing Technique) introduced in the country. The objective of this study is to show the impact of traditional smoking on the health of fish smokers and the environment in comparison with smoking processes based on FTT ovens. It is a cross-sectional and descriptive study involving 36 female smokers who use traditional ovens, 24 female smokers who use FTT ovens, as well as 53 Braffèdon case controls. It was conducted from January 2017 to December 2018. The data collection methodology includes questionnaire surveys, interviews, and observations. For the purpose of the study, two samples were followed: these were women smokers and non-smokers of fish, all of whom volunteered at the clinical examinations conducted. The results showed that women who use traditional stoves are more affected by pathologies. Baseline spirometry did not detect a significant frequency of ventilatory disorders. Bronchial hyperreactivity was statistically more frequent in women smokers using traditional ovens. Three measurement campaigns for CO, VOC and NO were performed above the ovens, at the women's resting point and beyond the ovens. The CO levels found at the women’s resting point in the traditional sites were higher and often exceeded the limit value (50 mg/m3). This work has allowed us to identify the deleterious effects of the fish smoking activity on the health of the fish smokers and the environment.
The smoking of fish plays a very important role at the economic, social and nutritional levels. Despite its importance, smoking is still practiced through traditional techniques that have a considerable impact on the health of the processors. The objective of this work is to evaluate the environmental and health impact of traditional and modern fish smoking. The environmental assessment of the Marcory Anoumabo site equipped with an improved oven called FAO-Thiaroye Processing Technique (FTT oven) consisted in measuring the quality of the smoke on the smoking sites. It is a cross-sectional etiological study conducted from July to December 2018 on a sample of 135 women consisting of 40 women who use traditional ovens, 32 women who use FTT ovens and 63 control cases. The results showed that 87.50% and 37.50% of women practicing on traditional ovens versus 43.75% and 15.62% of women using FTT ovens as well as 39.68% and 14.29% of the case controls had respiratory and ophthalmological signs respectively. The gas levels measured at the smoking sites are often higher than the standard (50 mg/m3). This study highlights the deleterious effects of fish smoking.
Women use traditional methods for smoking in Côte d'Ivoire. These methods have an impact on the environment and their health because of the emission of CO2 which is a greenhouse gas and other gases (VOCs, PAHs...), carcinogenic and dangerous for the respiratory system. In 2013, an improved kiln, called FAO-Thiaroye Processing Technique (FTT) was introduced in Côte d'Ivoire in order to reduce the health and environmental impacts. The objective of this study is to compare the environmental and health impacts between traditional and improved ovens used by women in Guessabo. This study involved 45 fish smokers using traditional stoves, 34 smokers using FTT stoves and 50 controls. It was conducted from January to December 2017. The data collection methodology included questionnaire survey, interviews, observations, and medical prospection. Also, baseline spirometry and bronchial metacholine reversibility test in each woman were performed. Bronchial hyperreactivity was obserbed to be more frequent in women smokers who practice with traditional furnaces. Three measurement campaigns of Carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOC) and Nitric oxide (NO) were carried out. The level of CO measured at the traditional sites varies from 19 to 184 mg/m3. It is often higher than the acceptable limit value (50mg/m3). However, these gas levels were very low with the use of FTT furnaces.
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