Background and purpose: Recently, we have highlighted the immunomodulatory activity of Curcuma mangga Val. on phagocytosis ability. The current study was conducted to determine the immunomodulatory effects of the standardized extract of C. mangga rhizomes by in vitro and in vivo studies. Experimental approach: The C. mangga extract was standardized according to a guideline for herbal preparation. The extract was investigated for its immunomodulatory effects on gene expression of cytokines, cytokines and antibody production as well as delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response. The gene expression of cytokines on lipopolysaccharide-induced-RAW 264.7 cells was analysed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. The effect of the extract on DTH response was investigated by the paw edema method, meanwhile the effects of the extract on antibody and cytokine production from normal and cyclophosphamide-induced Salmonella typhimurium infected rats were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Findings/Results: The extract of C. mangga demonstrated an inhibitory effect on gene expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-6 as compared to lipopolysaccharide-induced cells. The extract also depicted inhibitory activity on IL-4 production as compared to the negative control. Whereas, the DTH response and production of immunoglobulin G from both groups after treatment with C. mangga extract were higher than those of negative control ( P < 0.05). Conclusion and implications: The results indicated that the C. mangga extract has immunomodulatory effects, emphasizing its potential to be developed as immunotherapeutic agent.
BACKGROUND: Hypertension is still a health problem both in developed and developing countries. Hypertension can cause various complications; one of them is cognitive function impairment. AIM: This study aimed to look at the relationship of hypertension with cognitive function. This research can also be useful to help optimise the health of the elderly, maximise quality of life and avoid hypertension as a risk factor for cognitive impairment in the elderly at the Karya Kasih Nursing Homes, Medan from May to June 2018. METHODS: This research was carried out by analytic observational with cross-sectional research approach. In this study, 57 elderly from Karya Kasih Nursing Homes Medan who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria participated. Assessment of cognitive function used Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Six Item Cognitive Impairment Test (6CIT) and Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMT) instruments. RESULT: This study obtained a significant relationship between the history of hypertension with impaired cognitive function (p = 0.003). The results of the cognitive function examination with MMSE showed that among 57 elderly, 16 people (43.2%) were normal and 21 people (56.8%) had impaired cognitive function in the first degree hypertension group, besides that, 3 people were normal (15%) and 7 people (85%) had impaired cognitive function in the second degree hypertension group (p = 0.031). Based on the result of mild and severe cognitive function impairment, among 12 people (57.1%) and 9 people (42.9%) had a mild and severe cognitive function impairment, respectively, in first-degree hypertension. 3 people (17.6%) and 14 people (82.4%) had a mild and severe cognitive function impairment, respectively, in the second-degree hypertension (p = 0.013). The 6-CIT instrument also showed a significant relationship between the severity of hypertension and impaired cognitive function (p = 0.027), and there was no significant relationship with AMT instruments (p = 0.078). CONCLUSION: There was a relationship between the history or duration and degree of hypertension with cognitive dysfunction in the elderly at the Karya Kasih Nursing Home Medan.
BACKGROUND: Helminthiasis in school-aged children potentially causing physical growth and intellectual development retardation. Trichuriasis was the most common type of helminthiasis in children. AIM: To investigated the efficacy and side effects of albendazole, albendazole combined with levamisole and mebendazole combined with levamisole for trichuriasis and ascariasis. METHODS: This study was conducted as a double-blind, randomised clinical trial by comparing the efficacy and side effects of albendazole, albendazole combined with levamisole and mebendazole combined with levamisole for trichuriasis. The sample of this study were 180 elementary school students at Deli Serdang Regency State Elementary School, Medan, Indonesia. The study was conducted from April to June 2015. RESULT: The cure rate of helminthiasis on the 7th day was 81.7% after albendazole therapy, 88.3% after albendazole levamisole therapy, and 83.3% after mebendazole combined with levamisole therapy (p = 0.577). Cure rate on the 14th day was 88.3%, 95%, and 91.7% for albendazole, albendazole combined with levamisole, and mebendazole combined with levamisole therapy, respectively (p = 0.418). On the 21th day, the cure rate was 88.3%, 96.7%, and 91.7% (p = 0.230). Combination of albendazole and levamisole showed the highest cure rate, despite the statistically insignificant difference for all groups (p > 0.05). Combination of albendazole combined with levamisole showed better cure rate for mild trichuriasis (95.8%) than albendazole therapy (46.2%) and mebendazole combined with levamisole (83.3%), (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Single-dose albendazole, a combination of albendazole and levamisole, and a combination of mebendazole and levamisole had similar efficacy in reducing egg count in helminthiasis. Combination of albendazole and levamisole showed better cure rate for mild trichuriasis and mixed infections. Side effects were similar in all treatment groups.
North Sumatera is one of the central areas of purple passion fruit production in Indonesia. Processing passion fruit into beverage products (passion fruit juice) produces peel has not been utilized. The use of passion fruit skin needs to be studied so that it can be useful as a raw material for antibacterial drug preparations. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical constituent screening and antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate fraction of purple passion fruit peel against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Simplicia and ethyl acetate fraction were determinated its phytochemical properties. The extraction process by percolation method using ethanol 96% and continue to fractionation process by liquid liquid extraction method using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The antibacterial activity were tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using agar diffusion method with paper discs. The result showed that the simplicia characteristic of passion fruit peel were water content of 8.64%, water soluble extract of 31.69%, ethanol soluble extract of 13.02%, ash total of 7.89%, and insoluble ash in acid of 0.816%. The phytochemical screening simplicia and ethyl acetate fraction showed the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, saponins and tannins. The antibacterial activity test showed that the ethyl acetate fraction has an effective inhibition at the concentration of 100 mg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, it showed dose dependent manner. The ethyl acetate fraction of passion fruit peel (Passiflora edulis Sims) has an antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
Background: Curcuma heyneana (Valeton & Zijp.) or temu giring has various pharmacological activities. However, its hepatoprotective activity toward ethanol induction has never been carried out. Objectives: The objective of this research was to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of the C. heyneana rhizome extract toward Wistar rats induced by ethanol. Methods: The research was initiated with the determination of curcuminoid content, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and characterization of extract using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Hepatoprotective activity was tested using the C. heyneana extract at doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg with 5 g/kg ethanol as an inducer. Aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), liver weight, and macroscopic and microscopic liver were used as parameters. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The curcuminoid content of the extract was 1.18% (w/w). Total phenolic content of the C. heyneana extract was 400.37 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g sample, while total flavonoid content was 27.25 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g sample. Nine compounds were identified in the extract. Administration of the extract at doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg kept the liver normal. It was identified macroscopically from the dark red color without any white spot and normal liver weight. Furthermore, at doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg, the extract inhibited AST and ALT elevation, which was significantly different from the negative control group (P < 0.05). The extract also prevented hepatocyte injury that was seen microscopically. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the C. heyneana extract at doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg is effective as hepatoprotective in the liver injury induced by ethanol.
BACKGROUND: Cisplatin use in clinical practice has been associated with an increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). AIM: The aim of this study is to determine the hepatoprotective activity of extract ethanol Pometia pinnata on rats induced Cisplatin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty rats were separated into six groups (five rats). Group I was received only carboxy methyl cellulose. Group II was received a 7 mg/kgbw Cisplatin injection on day 3. Group III-VI were extract groups (Vitamin C 1%, 100 mg/kgbb, 200 mg/kgbb, and 400 mg/kgbb) administered orally from day 1 to 7, followed by Cisplatin injection on day 3. On day 8, rats were injected with 1% ketamine, open the chest and draw blood directly from the heart and centrifugated 5000 RPM (10–15 min), take the supernatant layer for analysis AST, ALT, total protein, and LDH levels. RESULTS: The effect of extract ethanol of P. pinnata on liver injury biochemical markers AST, ALT, LDH, and total protein. Group negative had a significant increase (p < 0.05) in comparison to the normal that did not receive extract or Cisplatin. Meanwhile, there was a drop in biochemical parameters in the group given the extract in groups dose 100, 200, 400 mg/kgbw. Group VI of biochemical parameters statistically there is no significant different with group normal group (p > 0.05) that showing P. pinnata extract has hepatoprotective activity. CONCLUSION: In summary, extract ethanol of P. pinnata has hepatoprotective effect by reducing the level of AST, ALT, total protein, and LDH levels.
The utilization of celery by the community in Indonesia was known as a seasoning, particularly in soups to enrich the taste of food, the potential effect of celery herb especially as herbal medicine both in preventive or curative therapy are not widely known yet. The celery herb is rich in flavonoids content which has potential effect to dissolve kidney stones.The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ethyl acetate (Apium graveolens L) fraction on urea and creatinine levels in male wistar rats induced by ethylene glycol. The in vivo test was conducted on male Wistar rats that divided into 6 groups. Group I as a normal control without treatment, Group II as a negative control induced by ethylene glycol, Group III as a positive control was given Batugin Elixir, Group IV, V and VI were given ethyl acetate fraction of celery at 50, 100 and 150 mg / kgbw respectively. Blood sample was collected through cardiac puncture method. The results showed that ethyl acetate fraction of celery herb had an effective activity at a dose of 150 mg / kgbw which was significantly different to the negative control group (P <0.05) measured by a reduction of urea and creatinine level on male wistar rats induced by ethylene glycol.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.