RESUMO. Objetivou-se investigar, através da Escala de Desenhos de Silhuetas, a percepção de tamanho e forma corporal de 150 mulheres, divididas com base no índice de massa corporal (IMC) em cinco grupos: não-obesidade, sobrepeso e obesidade graus I, II e III. As escolhas foram classificadas em representações de tamanho e forma corporal normal, real e ideal. Evidenciou-se que as escolhas de homem e mulher de tamanhos normais, nos cinco grupos, foram associadas a representações de baixo peso. Na auto-avaliação de tamanho e forma corporal real, notou-se ampla distribuição de escolhas, sendo que, com exceção do grupo com sobrepeso, a maioria das mulheres dos demais grupos fez escolhas compatíveis com seu IMC. O tamanho e forma corporal ideal foram associados a figuras representativas de baixo peso. Os dados apontam para a relevância das diferenças entre adequação da percepção real e ideal, sinalizando a direção das dificuldades relativas à autopercepção corporal.Palavras-chave: imagem corporal, obesidade, auto-avaliação. PERCEPTIONS OF BODY SHAPE AND SIZE IN WOMEN: AN EXPLORATORY STUDYABSTRACT. The objective of the present study was to investigate women's size and shape body perception using the Ninefigure Outline Scale. A total of 150 women were divided into five groups according to body mass index (BMI): non-obese, overweight and grade I, II and III obese women. The options were classified in representations of normal, real and ideal body size and shape. It was evident that the men and women's choice for normal sizes, in the five groups, were predominantly connected to the representation of low body weight. In the self-assessment of the real body size and shape, it was noticed a broad distribution of choices, although with the exception of the pre-obesity group, the majority of women from the other groups made compatible choices with their BMI. The ideal body size and shape was associated with representative figures of low body weight. The data indicate the relevance of the differences between the adequacy of real and ideal perception, pointing at the difficulties related to body self-perception.
During the last few years, burnout has gained more and more attention for its strong connection with job performance, absenteeism, and presenteeism. It is a psychological phenomenon that depends on occupation, also presenting differences between sexes. However, to properly compare the burnout levels of different groups, a psychometric instrument with adequate validity evidence should be selected (i.e., with measurement invariance). This paper aims to describe the psychometric properties of the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) version adapted for workers from Brazil and Portugal, and to compare burnout across countries and sexes. OLBI's validity evidence based on the internal structure (dimensionality, reliability, and measurement invariance), and validity evidence based on relationships with other variables (work engagement) are described. Additionally, it aims presents a revision of different OLBI's versions—since this is the first version of the instrument developed simultaneously for both countries—it is an important instrument for understanding burnout between sexes in organizations. Data were used from 1,172 employees across two independent samples, one from Portugal and the other from Brazil, 65 percent being female. Regarding the OLBI internal structure, a reduced version (15 items) was obtained. The high correlation between disengagement and exhaustion, suggested the existence of a second-order latent factor, burnout, which presented measurement invariance for country and sex. Confirmatory factor analysis of the Portuguese OLBI version presented good goodness-of-fit indices and good internal consistency values. No statistically significant differences were found in burnout between sexes or countries. OLBI also showed psychometric properties that make it a promising and freely available instrument to measure and compare burnout levels of Portuguese and Brazilian employees.
Este trabalho descreveu o histórico de desenvolvimento e as principais características técnicas do Teste de Fotos de Profissões (BBT), sistematizando as investigações científicas desenvolvidas no Brasil com este instrumento projetivo de clarificação das inclinações motivacionais. Este teste foi criado na Suíça, por Martin Achtnich, na década de 70, sendo introduzido no Brasil em 1982 por André Jacquemin, que adaptou o BBT para o contexto sociocultural brasileiro, elaborando o BBT-Br nas versões masculina e feminina. Foram apresentadas as pesquisas brasileiras que utilizaram esse teste, com diferentes objetivos e grupos etários, demonstrando sua adequada validade e utilidade como instrumento auxiliar nos processos de orientação vocacional/profissional, seleção de pessoal e reorientação de carreira. A presente revisão crítica da literatura nacional sobre o BBT procurou oferecer a seus utilizadores suporte teórico abrangente e estimulador de reflexão e de pesquisas com essa técnica.
Objetivou-se analisar a vivência afetiva em idosos asilados (A) e não asilados (NA) a partir de dois grupos de 25 mulheres com mais de 60 anos. Utilizou-se entrevista semi-estruturada sobre história de vida e Teste de Pfister, sendo que A e NA apontaram idealização da infância e da velhice e qualificação negativa da juventude. Na fase adulta, os asilados referiram vivência mais negativa. O Pfister sinalizou, em ambos os grupos, preservação do funcionamento lógico e afetivo, mas certa ansiedade. Inexistiu diferença significativa entre A e NA, sugerindo que a institucionalização não dificulta, necessariamente, o vivenciar saudável da velhice, apontando direção para intervenções terapêuticas com esta população.
This work analyzed the affective experience in institutionalized (A) and non institutionalized (NA) two groups of 25 women with more than 60 years, residents in Ribeirão Preto. We used semi-structured interview about the life history and Test of Pfister. A and NA accorded with idealization of the childhood and the elderly and the youth's negative qualification. In the adult phase, the institutionalized referred more negative experience. The Pfister signaled, in both groups, preservation of the logical and affective function, but some anxiety. The absent of statistical differences between A and NA suggested that the institutionalization doesn't hinder, necessarily, the healthy experience of the elderly, and it indicates a direction for therapeutic interventions with this population
The aim of this paper is to present a revision of international versions of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale and to describe the psychometric properties of a Portuguese version of the UWES-9 developed simultaneously for Brazil and Portugal, the validity evidence related with the internal structure, namely, Dimensionality, measurement invariance between Brazil and Portugal, and Reliability of the scores. This is the first UWES version developed simultaneously for both countries, and it is an important instrument for understanding employees' work engagement in the organizations, allowing human resources departments to better use workforces, especially when they are migrants. A total of 524 Brazilian workers and 522 Portuguese workers participated in the study. Confirmatory Factor Analysis, group comparisons, and Reliability estimates were used. The use of workers who were primarily professionals or administrative support, according to ISCO-08, reinforced the need to collect data on other professional occupations. Confirmatory factor analysis showed acceptable fit for the UWES-9 original three-factor solution, and a second-order factor structure has been proposed that presented an acceptable fit. Full-scale invariance was obtained between the Portuguese and Brazilian samples, both for the original three-factor first-order and second-order models. Data revealed that Portuguese and Brazilian workers didn't show statistically significant differences in the work engagement dimensions. This version allows for direct comparisons of means and, consequently, for performance of comparative and cross-cultural studies between these two countries.
ResumoDiante da busca de aprimoramento técnico-científico nos processos de avaliação psicológica, este trabalho apresenta um panorama das investigações científicas brasileiras acerca da adaptação de instrumentos de avaliação psicológica. Com base em levantamento bibliográfico dos estudos publicados no período de 2000 a 2010, foram selecionados 24 estudos que constituíram o corpus analisado. A maioria dos trabalhos seguiu diretrizes internacionais e nacionais de adaptação de instrumentos, sendo que 24 estudos realizaram processo de tradução, 18 apresentaram análise de fidedignidade e 16, evidências de validade. Pôde-se depreender, dentre os estudos analisados, que há uma variedade de procedimentos empregados para a adaptação de instrumentos de avaliação psicológica no contexto brasileiro. Ainda, puderam ser observadas algumas diferenças quanto à utilização de termos referentes à taxonomia psicométrica. Nesse sentido, pretende-se oferecer elementos para reflexão de pesquisadores e profissionais no que diz respeito à adaptação de instrumentos de avaliação psicológica no Brasil. Palavras-chave: Avaliação psicológica, Adaptação transcultural, Revisão da literatura, Validade, Precisão. Cross-cultural adaptation of psychological assessment instruments: Brazilian literature review from 2000 to 2010 AbstractGiven the search for technical-scientific improvement in the psychological assessment processes, this paper presents an overview of the Brazilian research about the cross-cultural adaptation of psychological assessment instruments. Based in a literature review of studies published between the period from 2000 to 2010, 24 studies were selected that formed the corpus analyzed. Most studies have followed international and national guidelines, among which 24 studies performed translation process, 18 showed analysis of reliability and 16 studies presented validity evidences. It can be concluded, among the analyzed studies, that there are a variety of procedures employed for the adaptation of psychological assessment instruments in the Brazilian context. Still, some differences were observed regarding the use of terms referring to the psychometric taxonomy. It is intended to provide reflection elements to researchers and professionals regarding the adaptation of psychological assessment instruments in Brazil. .
Objective: To translate the Modified Reasons for Smoking Scale (MRSS) to Portuguese, to submit it to crosscultural adaptation for use in Brazil and to evaluate the test-retest reliability of the translated version. Methods: An English-language version of the MRSS was translated to Portuguese by Brazilian doctors who have thorough knowledge of the English language. A consensus version was produced by a multidisciplinary group including two pulmonologists, a psychiatrist and a psychologist. This version was back-translated to English by an American translator. Cross-cultural adaptation of the final version was evaluated in a sample of 20 healthy smokers. Testretest reliability was evaluated by applying the translated version of the scale in 54 healthy smokers on two distinct occasions, 15 days apart. Results: This translated version of the MRSS was well understood by 95% of the smokers, indicating excellent cross-cultural equivalence. The degree of reliability of the answers in two different occasions was almost perfect for two questions, substantial for ten questions, moderate for eight questions, and low for one question. The intraclass correlation coefficients of the motivational factors obtained on the two different occasions, calculated according to previously published theoretical models, were higher than 0.7 for six of the seven subscales. Conclusions:The Portuguese-language version of the MRSS shows satisfactory cross-cultural equivalence and test-retest reliability. It can be a useful tool in the evaluation and treatment of smokers in Brazil.Keywords: Smoking cessation; Scales; Translations; Validation studies. ResumoObjetivo: Traduzir, fazer a adaptação cultural e testar a confiabilidade teste-reteste de uma versão em língua portuguesa da Escala Razões Para Fumar Modificada (ERPFM) para uso no Brasil. Métodos: Uma versão em língua inglesa da ERPFM foi traduzida por médicos brasileiros com profundo conhecimento sobre a língua inglesa. Uma versão de consenso foi obtida por grupo multidisciplinar composto por dois pneumologistas, um psiquiatra e um psicólogo. Essa versão foi traduzida de volta ao inglês por um tradutor americano. A avaliação da adaptação cultural da versão final foi efetuada em uma amostra de 20 fumantes saudáveis. A avaliação da confiabilidade teste-reteste foi feita pela aplicação da versão traduzida da escala em 54 fumantes saudáveis em duas ocasiões separadas por 15 dias. Resultados: Essa versão traduzida da ERPFM exibiu excelente identidade cultural, sendo bem compreendida por 95% dos fumantes. Os graus de concordância das respostas em duas ocasiões distintas foram quase perfeito para duas questões, substancial para dez questões, moderado para oito questões e discreto para uma questão. Os valores dos coeficientes de correlação intraclasse dos fatores motivacionais em duas ocasiões, empregando-se modelos teóricos previamente publicados, foram superiores a 0,7 em seis dos sete domínios. Conclusões: A presente versão da ERPFM exibe identidade cultural e confiabilidade teste-retest...
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