Discriminating Feigned from Credible PTSD Symptoms: a Validation of a Brazilian Version of the Inventory of Problems-29 (IOP-29)

Carvalho, Lucas de Francisco; Reis, Ana Maria; Colombarolli, Maíra Stivaleti; Pasian, Sônia Regina; Miguel, Fabiano Koich; Erdődi, László A.; Viglione, Donald J.; Giromini, Luciano

doi:10.1007/s12207-021-09403-3

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Indeed, it showed superior validity in the discrimination between genuine and experimentally feigned depression, PTSD and schizophrenia over the widely utilized SIMS (Giromini, et al, 2018), and it was shown to provide incremental validity when used with the TOMM Viglione et al, 2017) or Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2; . Furthermore, it demonstrated similar sensitivity to various symptom presentations, including depression, PTSD, mTBI and schizophrenia-related diagnoses , and its validity has been demonstrated in various formats and cultural contexts (e.g., Banovic et al, 2021;Carvalho et al, 2021;Gegner et al, 2021;Giromini et al, 2021;Ilgunaite et al, 2020;Roma et al, 2019;Šömen et al, 2021;Winters et al, 2020).…”

Section: The Inventory Of Problems-29 (Iop-29; Viglione and Giromini ...mentioning

confidence: 93%

The Role Played by Theory of Mind and Empathy in the Feigning of Psychopathology

Girolamo

Giromini

Bosi

et al. 2021

International Journal of Forensic Mental Health

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In this article, we hypothesized that in order to feign mental illness, one would need to have empathy and be able to understand other's mental states. To test this hypothesis, we asked 432 healthy volunteers to feign depression, PTSD or schizophrenia while completing a self-report test that measures the severity of the feigned condition's symptoms and the Inventory of Problems -29 (IOP-29). Additionally, all participants were administered a theory of mind (ToM) task and an empathy measure with the request to respond truthfully. Results from a series of linear regression models revealed that higher cognitive empathy is associated with increased symptom endorsement on self-report symptom questionnaires and higher ToM abilities are associated with less credible feigned profiles, especially in the case of feigned depression.

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Section: The Inventory Of Problems-29 (Iop-29; Viglione and Giromini ...mentioning

confidence: 93%

The Role Played by Theory of Mind and Empathy in the Feigning of Psychopathology

Girolamo

Giromini

Bosi

et al. 2021

International Journal of Forensic Mental Health

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“…subsequent studies by the same research group (Erdodi, 2021;. The divergence of the evidence on the psychogenic interference hypothesis (Tarachow, 1947) applied to PVT research has a number of potential explanations: methodological, instrumentation, or sampling artifacts, a diagnosis-or context-specific relationship or an imperfect and poorly understood association between performance and symptom validity (Abeare, Razvi, et al, 2021;Carvalho et al, 2021;Gaasedelen et al, 2019;Gegner et al, 2022;Sabelli et al, 2021). Despite cumulative evidence of psychometric equivalence between FAS and CFL as evidenced by null findings on within-group contrasts as well as earlier reports (Barry et al, 2008;Lacy et al, 1996;Ross et al, 2006), learning effects were more pronounced on CFL.…”

Section: Main Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the effect of repeat administration, alternate versions, and performance validity on letter fluency tests in a mixed clinical sample.

Boucher¹,

May²,

Shahein³

et al. 2023

Psychology & Neuroscience

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Objective: This study was designed to compare different versions of the letter fluency test (FAS/CFL), evaluate the effect of repeat administration and the classification accuracy of traditional and novel cutoffs as performance validity tests (PVTs). Method: Archival data were collected from a mixed clinical sample (n = 64) of patients physician-referred for neuropsychological assessment (M Age = 43.2; M Education = 14.1). Sensitivity and specificity of various letter fluency cutoffs were calculated against various psychometric definitions of invalid performance. Results: There was no difference between the FAS and CFL on total score and phonemic clusters. Learning effects were small and limited to the CFL. A T score of ≤33 on the FAS and ≤35 on CFL was specific (.89-.98), but relatively insensitive (.27-.45). Likewise, ≤4 phonemic clusters were associated with high specificity (.88-.94) but variable sensitivity (.22-.60) and were orthogonal to self-reported anxiety and depression. A raw score of ≤7 (FAS) or ≤8 (CFL) on the trial F had comparable classification accuracy (.18-.44 sensitivity at .91-.98 specificity). Failure on multiple validity cutoffs had near-ceiling specificity (.92-1.00). Declining output was similar in valid and invalid response sets. Conclusions: FAS and CFL are psychometrically equivalent versions of the letter fluency test and are relatively robust to learning effects on serial testing. Both can function as effective embedded PVTs, although they are limited by low and variable sensitivity. Process variables had mixed results as predictors of performance validity. Public Significance StatementDifferent versions of the same test are expected to produce similar outcomes and repeat administrations often result in higher performance. However, these assumptions are rarely verified empirically. This study found that two versions of the letter fluency test (FAS and CFL) produce converging results, learning effects in clinical patients are small, and both versions function well as performance validity indicators.

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“…In particular, numerous recent studies examined the psychometric properties of the Italian IOP-29, reporting on its concurrent (Giromini et al, 2018), incremental (Giromini et al, 2019), and ecological (Roma et al, 2020) validity, on its applicability to multiple symptom presentations (Giromini et al, 2020), and on the equivalence of its online and paper-and-pencil formats (Giromini et al, 2021). Additionally, some authors also investigated the effectiveness of the SIMS and MMPI-2 in detecting noncredible presentations (e.g., Mazza et al, 2019), and a recently published article described the development and initial validation of the IOP-M, a new, add-on, PVT module designed to be used in combination with the IOP-29 (see also Banovic et al, 2021;Carvalho et al, 2021;Gegner et al, 2021).…”

Section: Italymentioning

confidence: 99%

Symptom and Performance Validity Assessment in European Countries: an Update

Merten

Dandachi-FitzGerald

Hall³

et al. 2021

Psychol. Inj. and Law

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In 2013, a special issue of the Spanish journal Clínica y Salud published a review on symptom and performance validity assessment in European countries (Merten et al. in Clínica y Salud, 24(3), 129-138, 2013). At that time, developments were judged to be in their infancy in many countries, with major publication activities stemming from only four countries: Spain, The Netherlands, Great Britain, and Germany. As an introduction to a special issue of Psychological Injury and Law, this is an updated report of developments during the last 10 years. In that period of time, research activities have reached a level where it is difficult to follow all developments; some validity measures were newly developed, others were adapted for European languages, and validity assessment has found a much stronger place in real-world evaluation contexts. Next to an update from the four nations mentioned above, reports are now given from Austria, Italy, and Switzerland, too.

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Discriminating Feigned from Credible PTSD Symptoms: a Validation of a Brazilian Version of the Inventory of Problems-29 (IOP-29)

Cited by 30 publications

References 59 publications

The Role Played by Theory of Mind and Empathy in the Feigning of Psychopathology

The Role Played by Theory of Mind and Empathy in the Feigning of Psychopathology

Examining the effect of repeat administration, alternate versions, and performance validity on letter fluency tests in a mixed clinical sample.

Symptom and Performance Validity Assessment in European Countries: an Update

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