Twin studies suggest that parent ratings of temperament exaggerate differences between twins. The present study examined whether such contrast effects also operate for nontwin siblings. The activity level (AL) and shyness of 95 nontwin sibling pairs (ages 3 to 8 years) were assessed via parent ratings and objective measures (actigraph and observer ratings). Siblings showed no resemblance in either parent-rated AL or shyness; however, sibling resemblance for actigraph AL and observer-rated shyness was substantial. Thus, parents do contrast their nontwin siblings when rating these 2 temperament dimensions. Moreover, the importance of sibling differences in temperament to the sibling relationship and differential maternal treatment varied across the different measures of AL and shyness, suggesting that parent perceptions may play a role in these associations.

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Background: Endometriosis is an important cause of infertility and chronic pelvic pain. Our study aims to understand the cause and effect relationship of endometriosis with these two clinical presentations. Objectives: 1) To study the correlation between stage of endometriosis with pain and infertility; 2) To evaluate role of transvaginal ultrasound for diagnosis of endometriosis using laparoscopic diagnosis as gold standard. Methodology: Total of 89 women presenting with infertility and or pain and with laparoscopic findings of endometriosis were included in the study. The results were analysed by logistic regression. Results: The mean age of women was 29.67 years. Seventy three percent of patients had moderate to severe disease while 31.46% of patients with endometriosis were infertile. Symptom of pain could be categorised as dysmenorrhea (71.47%), dyspareunia (41.5%) and dyschezia (15.7%). There was no association of endometriosis stage with the pain type, duration of symptoms. Transvaginal ultrasound seems a reliable test for diagnosis of ovarian endometriosis and advanced stage disease. 87.5% of patients with ovarian endometrioma had advanced disease (higher than Stage II rAFS). Conclusion: No correlation was found between the stage of endometriosis and severity of symptoms. Presence of endometrioma on USG was associated with advanced stage of endometriosis.

The study highlights the practical aspects of policy implementation and operational issues involved in low resource country.

This article aims to determine the moderating role of demographics gender, age and income on the relationship between mobile banking (m-banking) usage and loyalty towards the service. A sample of 524 m-banking users from the state of Punjab in India was used to understand the interaction of this relationship. The collected data was then analyzed through moderated multiple regression analysis using dummy variables. Results of the study reveal that among the three demographics, gender and age moderate the relationship between m-banking usage and loyalty. The study provides important implications for the banks and the academic research related to m-banking.

PurposeThe current study assesses the contribution of entrepreneurship education (EE) in strengthening entrepreneurial attitudes (EAs) and entrepreneurial intentions (EIs) among engineering graduates in India.Design/methodology/approachCross-sectional data were collected through an electronic questionnaire from 340 engineering students. Structural equation modeling was performed for hypothesis testing through SmartPLS4 software.FindingsThe findings demonstrated that EE, EA and EI are positively and significantly correlated. However, the moderation effect of gender on EE–EI linkage was found to be insignificant.Research limitations/implicationsThe study provides comprehensive insights to understand EE effectiveness on students' EI and further opens the path for future researchers to investigate how the inclusion of other constructs in theory of planned behavior and human capital theory can raise the EI among students. Future research should target a larger sample size comprising students from diverse educational streams.Practical implicationsThe findings of this research offer various practical contributions for educational establishments, policymakers and the government in formulating constructive educational interventions that fully trigger the student's EIs.Originality/valueThis study adds to the scarce theoretical examination of EE–EI using the human capital approach in developing countries. In addition, this study is highly relevant to the scarce theoretical and empirical support for investigating the contribution of EE in HEIs in India.