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Accurate temperature measurements can efficiently solve numerous critical problems and provide key information. Herein, a flexible micro-three-dimensional sensor, with a combination of platinum and indium oxide to form thermocouples, is designed and fabricated by a microfabrication process to achieve in situ real-time temperature measurements. The stability and reliability of the sensor are greatly improved by optimizing the process parameters, structural design, and preparation methods. A novel micro-three-dimensional structure with better malleability is designed, which also takes advantage of the fast response of a two-dimensional thin film. The as-obtained flexible temperature sensor with excellent stability and reliability is expected to greatly contribute to the development of essential components in various emerging research fields, including bio-robot and healthcare systems. The model of the application sensor in a mask is further proposed and designed to realize the collection of health information, reducing the number of deaths caused by the lack of timely detection and treatment of patients.

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Emerging e-business, e-commerce, and virtual enterprises are leading to the trend of managing workflows across organizational boundaries. A cross-organizational workflow is generally comprised of intra-organizational workflows and inter-organization workflows. The modeling techniques for the intra-organizational workflows are relatively matured. In this paper, they are briefly reviewed and contrasted to show their strong points and weaknesses. The modeling approaches for the inter-organizational workflows is emphasized and introduced in detail in this paper. The inter-organizational workflow emphasizes more on combining the workflows of different partners together and reconciling the relationships between them. Thus, the modeling approaches are described in two directions by their functions: routing languages introduced to combine individual workflows and interaction patterns proposed for collaborative partners to interact with each other. In this paper, some techniques are summarized, and some interesting research issues in the area are discussed in both technical and managerial perspectives.