Barley is one of the founders, old world agriculture and the first domesticated cereal crop. It is a staple food, adapted to and produced over a wider range of environment . This trial was conducted on sixteen improved food barley varieties with one local check at Fitche Agricultural Research Center for two consecutive years. The objective was to identify adaptable, stable and high yielding varieties. The seed was sown in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Nine agronomic traits data were evaluated. Analysis of variance detected significant difference among varieties for most observed traits both separated and combined analysis. Observation attained significant differences over years and locations for almost all traits. The combine ANOVA and the AMMI analysis for grain yield across environments revealed significantly affected by environments, hold 68.4% of the total variation. Genotype and genotype by environmental interaction were significant and accounted 12.1 % and 17.8 % respectively. Principal component 1 and 2 accounted 9.6% and 4.3 % of the GEI respectively with a total of 13.9 % variation. The interaction effect of variety by year and variety by location imposed significant effect on most traits. Among evaluated varieties; HB1307 and HB1966 had significantly higher mean value of grain yield. Moreover, the yield advantage of 32.9% and 38.8% were estimated for HB1307 and HB1966 respectively over the local check. Therefore, these varieties were suggested for further demonstration and popularization in the areas with similar agro-ecology.
Ethiopia has been in the process of accession to the WTO since January 2003. Accession to the WTO is not an end by itself but it's a key element for speed up national development goal directly or indirectly. Indeed, lessons from recently accessed countries indicate that, the WTO accession process is quit complex and demands well preparation in order to take decisions on trade policy reforms to meet the requirement of accession. Thus, this article examines the experience of Least Developed Countries which has been finalized their WTO accession process i.e. Cambodia, Nepal, and Yemen. Finally, the article has found that, in toting up to personal knowledge and skill of negotiators, Ethiopia shall bargain after deep studies on the commitment packages to reduce possible challenges and to prepare for remedy by formalizing institutional mechanisms open for stakeholder's participation.
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