The aim of the study was to document wheat landraces that were and and Dandi districts, West Shewa, Ethiopia; and to investigate the extent of genetic loss and its causes. Survey was carried out in three Peasant Associations of Ambo District and four Peasant Associations of Dandi District from 2007 to 2008. Three to five farmers' group per Peasant Association containing 5 to 12 individual farmers per group were used for group discussions from September to December was conducted using semi-structured questionnaire prepared by researcher from August to October 2008. In total 20 diverse tetraploid wheat landraces were identified in the study areas. However, presently 4 to 5 landraces are cultivated. Genetic erosi 62% in Ambo and Dandi district, respectively. The landraces differ concerning morphology, adaptation and end-uses. Some landraces exhibit broad adaptation that enables them to be cultivated in a wider area over different districts. Specific adaptation to various soil conditions, e.g. water logging and poor soil fertility, and short rainy season play key roles for the predominant cultivation of specific landraces over others in sensitive environmen Preferences for end-use products and market prices also display major impacts on the continuous cultivation of tetraploid wheat. The causes for the loss of landraces varieties were expansion of improved bread wheat varieties, low soil fertility and poo landraces, and shorter rainy season. Among the available varieties, predominantly grown in both districts, due to its higher price in the market for its brewing quality. Diverse farmers' indigenous knowledge supported continu conservation of landrace varieties.
The field experiment was carried out at Haro Sabu Agriculture Research Center, during 2013 with the objectives of determining the effect of varieties and population densities of soybean intercropped with maize on yield and yield components of associated cr productivity of the system. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with three replication in factorial combination of three soybean varieties (Boshe, Ethio and three soybean plant populations (25%, 50% and 75%) along with respec crop of soybean varieties and maize BHQPY soybean varieties significantly (P<0.05) affected number of ears per plant, thousand kernel weight and HI of maize. The higher number of ears per plant (2.30), thousand kernels weight (243.88 g) and HI (38.11%) were obtained from 25% soybean population. The highest number of ears per plant (2.31) was obtained from intercropping of maize with soybean variety Boshe. Maize grain yield was significantly ( interaction of main effects. The highest maize grain yield (7.33 t ha the combination of 50% soybean population of variety Boshe. Sole cropped maize gave significantly higher number of kernels per ear, biological yield, grain yield and HI than the respective intercrop. Biological yield and grain yield of soybean were significantly (P<0.01) affected by soybean varieties. Biological yield (5.53t ha ha -1
Article InformationThe study was conducted to evaluate the variability in yield, heritability, genetic advance and associations among characters, to estimate contribution of each trait in yield of the eighteen lentil genotypes. The genotypes were grown at Wollega University, Shambu Campus, Gitilo Najo Research Site. The genotypes were planted in RCBD and replicated three times. Data were collected for 12 morpho-agronomic traits. The results of the analysis of variance showed significant (P< 0.05) difference for all traits among the genotypes except for number of primary branches and hundred seed weight. The heritability values for the 12 characters ranged from 4.3% (hundred seed weight) to 94.3% (days to emergency). Estimates heritability values for days to emergence, plant height, number of pods per plant, biomass yield are >60% while for days to flowering, days to maturity, grain filling period and harvest index are between 40 % and 60%. Estimates of genetic advance as percent of mean at 5% selection intensity ranged from 0.59 % (hundred seed weight) to 78.1% (number of pods per plant). High heritability values coupled with high genetic advance as percent mean were observed for number of pods per plant and biomass yield which indicates the traits are controlled by additive type of genes. A low genotypic coefficient of variability and low genetic advance as a percent mean observed for characters hundred seed weight and pod length indicated that the characters were under high environmental influence, and that phenotypic selection based on these characters would be ineffective. Days to 50 % flowering showed positive and highly significant correlation with days to 95 % maturity at genotypic and phenotypic levels. Both at genotypic and phenotypic levels, grain yield was positively and significantly correlated with plant height and biomass yield while it was negatively and significantly correlated with harvest index. The result revealed wide variability for yield and yield determining traits for the tested genotypes which will help in the improvement of lentil genotypes for the area.
MSEs have an important contribution to economic growth and employment creation in Ethiopia. However, due to different bottlenecks that hinder the growth, MSEs found in these three towns were not grown as it was expected. Therefore, this study aimed at identifying the major determinants of MSEs growth in West Shoa Zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia. In the study, both qualitative and quantitative research methods were used. Primary data was obtained using questionnaires. Stratified sampling was used to select proportional number of samples from the study area. The study used Chi-square and logistic regression to measure the association and determine growth probability of MSEs, respectively. The result of the study revealed, Entrepreneurial competency, managerial skills, market access, innovation, high initial investment size, access to finance and manufacturing sector variables were identified as a major determinant of growth of the MSEs in the study area. MSEs Owner/manager characteristics such as gender and age were found not to have an influence on the growth of the enterprises as the descriptive result showed. The probability of growth of MSEs were positively influenced by entrepreneurship competency, management skill, market access, initial investment size, and sector in manufacturing; however, getting access to finance and engaging in innovation activity have negative impact on the growth probability of MSEs based on the binary logit model result. The variables included in the model explain about 73.38% of the influences on the MSEs Growth so as, the model is fit. The study recommends that proper understanding of these factors constitutes an essential starting point and important for the Owner/manager of MSEs, government and non-governmental organizations to formulate policies and strategies in order to reduce unemployment, poverty and income inequality thereby promote MSEs and their growth in the country and particularly in West Shoa Zone.
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