Abstract. Lestari P, Budiarti A, Fitriana Y, Susilo FX, Swibawa IG, Sudarsono H, Suharjo R, Hariri AM, Purnomo, Nuryasin, Solikhin, Wibowo L, Jumari, Hartaman M. 2020. Identification and genetic diversity of Spodoptera frugiperda in Lampung Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1670-1677. Spodoptera frugiperda is one of the most recent invasive and destructive insect pest in Indonesia. Recently, it has been reported that this pest was found in some cornfield areas in Sumatera, including Lampung. This research was performed to confirm the presence of S. frugiperda in Lampung Province by collecting and identifying larvae of Spodoptera found in the field as well as investigation on the genetic diversity of the established populations and to observe the damage caused by this pest on cornfields in the Lampung Province. The observation was conducted from February-April 2019 at four locations (districts) representing corn-producing areas in Lampung, namely Lampung Selatan, Lampung Timur, Pesawaran and Pringsewu, each location comprising five plots. The plot is a cornfield with plants aged 14-40 days after planting. Twenty plants were randomly chosen in every plot as plant samples to collect the Spodoptera larvae and to calculate the absolute plant damage caused by the larvae. The absolute plant damage was analyzed by dividing the attacked plants with total plants observed and multiply by 100%. Identification of the Spodoptera larvae was performed based on morphological characters and molecular techniques using sequence analysis of Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The result confirmed that the larvae found in the cornfield in Lampung were S. frugiperda. There was no nucleotides variation in the sequence of COI gene among S. frugiperda found in Lampung Province (Lampung Selatan, Lampung Timur, Pesawaran and Pringsewu) as well as S. frugiperda that was found in corn from foreign countries. The absolute plant damage caused by this pest in the four districts of Lampung was in the range of 26.50-70%.

The White-Bellied Planthopper (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) Infesting Corn Plants in South Lampung, Indonesia. Corn plants in South Lampung were infested by newly-found delphacid planthoppers. The planthopper specimens were collected from heavily-infested corn fields in Natar area, South Lampung. We identified the specimens as the white-bellied planthopper Stenocranus pacificus Kirkaldy (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), and reported their field population abundance.

Attractiveness of Rice Bug (Leptocorisa oratorius F.) to Several Faunal Decaying Materials. An experiment was conducted in Yogyakarta from October 1996 to September 1997 to know (1) the attractiveness of adult male versus female rice stink bug in to decaying crab, (2) the attractiveness of the rice stink bug from the result of point-1 to five decaying materials, and (3) the volatile compounds emitted by each decaying material.  For the first objective, 50 rice stink bugs (sex ratio 1:1) were released into a preference test cage for one hour. Data was then analyzed with X2 at 1 and 5%.  For the second objective, five replicates of five different treatments were arranged in randomized completely block design.  As many as 125 rice stink bugs were released into the central part of  the cage consisting of five equal parts of attractants for one hour.  Data of rice stink bug from each part was analyzed with Anova continued with Duncan's Test at 1 and 5%..  Volatile compounds emitted by each material were captured based on the method of Gamliel and Stapleton (1993) then identified with gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) and (or) capillary gas chromatography. The results were that: (1) adult male rice bug was significantly more attracted to that of female in response to sixth-day-decaying-crab, (2) adult male rice bug was most attracted to sixth-day-decaying cow blood compared to four others, and (3) volatile compounds emitted by those five materials were carbon dioxide, methanol, ethanol, aceton, dimethyl sulphide, dimethyl disulphide, ammonia, acetic acid, and an unidentified compound.

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This article discusses the convergence theorem of the Dunford integrals. We examine the sufficient conditions so that limit of the sequence of integral value whose Dunford integrable is same as limit of functions sequence. We have obtained that to guarantee a function to be Dunford integrable and its limit of functions sequence are same as value of the functions, then a sequence of Dunford integrable function is uniform convergent or weakly convergent, weakly monoton, and its limit exist. Furthermore, its weakly convergent and bounded.

In this research, the presence of students' attendance at the Taruna Bulu Vocational School has been observed where the system used is still manual so it requires a computerized system so that archiving is efficient and the homeroom teacher and student guardian can control student attendance.In conducting research, the author uses two sources of data, namely primary data which includes all data obtained by the author directly from sources obtained from the Head of Vocational School Hair Training and secondary data which includes all information obtained from other data that can be used as a support and related to the research theme. These data sources are documents concerning the student attendance information system procedures. In designing the system, it is made based on the needs of SMK Taruna Bulu which is then implemented using the PHP My SQL programming language and integrated Telegram Bot so that it can later be implemented on Taruna Bulu Vocational School.

Abstract. Swibawa IG, Fitriana Y, Solikhin, Suharjo R, Susilo FX, Rani E, Haryani MS, Wardana RA. 2020. Morpho-molecular identification and pathogenicity test on fungal parasites of guava root-knot nematode eggs in Lampung, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1108-1115. This study aimed to obtain and discover the identity of the species of fungal egg parasites of root-knot nematodes (RKN), which have a high pathogenic ability causing major losses in vegetable crops. The exploration of the fungi was carried out in 2016 and 2018 from Crystal guava plantations in East Lampung, Central Lampung, Tanggamus, and NirAma, a commercial product that has been used for controlling Meloidogyne sp. in Indonesia. Identification was carried out based on morphological characteristics and molecular-based gene sequential analysis of Intergenic Transcribed Spacer (ITS) 1 and ITS 4. A pathogenicity test was carried out in vitro and in a greenhouse using tomato plants as indicator plants. In the in vitro test, observations were made on the percentage of infected RKN eggs. The observations in the greenhouse test were carried out on RKN populations in the soil and roots of tomato plants, root damage (root knots), and damage intensity due to RKN infection. The exploration resulted in five isolates of fungal egg parasites of RKN from the guava plantations in East Lampung (2), Central Lampung (1), Tanggamus (1), and from the isolation results of commercial products (1). The isolates were given codes as B4120X (PT GGP PG1), B3010 (PT GGP PG4), B412G (PT GGP PG 4), B01TG (Tanggamus), and BioP (Commercial products). Based on their morphological characteristics, the isolates were classified into the genus of Paecilomyces. The results of molecular identification showed that the discovered fungi were Purpureocillium lilacinum (Thom.) Luangsa Ard. (Syn. Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom.) Samson.). Based on the in vitro tests, the five fungal isolates were able to parasitize RKN eggs at 86.4-100%. In the greenhouse test, all isolates significantly suppressed nematode populations in the soil and tomato roots, inhibited the formation of root knots, and produced lower damage intensity compared to controls. Among all the isolates tested, B01TG had the best ability to infect nematode eggs (99.5%), suppressing the formation of root knots, nematode population in the soil and the roots of tomato plants, and the damage intensity compared to other isolates.

A spectral theory studies eigenvalues and eigenvectors of SALR on H. SALR on Hilbert space H is a linear relation satisfying A = A*. Many applications of SALR on quantum theory, such as the homogenous abstract Cauchy problem.If M is an operator that has an inverse then eigenvalues and eigenvectors are easily determined, but If M is an operator that does not have an inverse then eigenvalues and eigenvectors are quite difficult determined. One way that can be done is to use a linear relation. Furthermore, there are some properties of spectral theoryof linear operator that can not apply to SALR. This paper aims to give a spectral theory for SALR and its application in a homogenous abstract Cauchy problem.