Creativity and innovation have been highlighted as essential skills for the 21st century, especially if we consider that both skills can promote human potential by eliciting positive aspects of the individual. These skills have been valued in different contexts. The purpose of this text is to discuss the notions of creativity and innovation as independent constructs and to discuss the relationships between these concepts according to the scientific literature. Three different propositions will be presented, namely, treating these constructs as synonyms, as distinct from each other or as complimentary.
Resumo A pandemia causada pela dispersão da COVID-19 no mundo obrigou muitos países a adotarem o isolamento social como medida de contenção do vírus. Pesquisas prévias indicam que pessoas submetidas ao isolamento social desenvolvem sintomas psicológicos variados, principalmente relacionados ao estresse, ansiedade e depressão, decorrentes da privação social e do confinamento. Este artigo objetiva apresentar pesquisas produzidas pela Psicologia Positiva e indicar como esses achados podem subsidiar intervenções para a promoção de saúde mental e bem-estar durante o isolamento social. Dentre os construtos descritos, destacam-se pesquisas sobre autocompaixão, resiliência, criatividade, otimismo, esperança, bem-estar subjetivo e práticas de meditação mindfulness para lidar com os efeitos adversos do isolamento. Considerações e implicações dessas práticas são discutidas em detalhes.
ResumoA avaliação da criatividade até o momento, tem sido pautada, quase que exclusivamente, em medidas de pensamento divergente tentando-se encontrar uma forma única para a sua identificação. Nosso objetivo é demonstrar a necessidade de se avaliar a criatividade sob os mais diversos enfoques, situando a sua expressão dentro de campos específicos da sua aplicação. Uma bateria para avaliação multidimensional da criatividade é apresentada, sendo composta por dois testes internacionais. Pensando Criativamente com Figuras e Pensando Criativamente com Palavras e dois testes nacionais, de nossa autoria, Estilos de Pensar e Criar e Adjetivos Auto-descritores. O processo de validação destes instrumentos encontra-se descrito demonstrando assim a possibilidade de medir algumas das interações entre a pessoa, processo e o ambiente criativo. Concluindo, é demonstrada a importância de se buscar, cada vez mais, instrumental que atenda os parâmetros científicos da psicometria e que permita uma abordagem mais ampla, completa e multifacetada na avaliação da criatividade. Palavras chaves: criatividade, avaliação multidimensional, testes psicológicos. Multidimensional creativity assessment: an urgent reality SummaryAssessment of creativity has been, up to the present time, mostly based on divergent thinking measures, searching for an unique formula for its identification. Our objective is to demonstrate the need to evaluate creativity under various perspectives, focusing its expression on specific tasks. A battery of instruments to assess creativity in a multidimensional way is presented, composed by two international tests, Thinking Creatively with Pictures and Thinking Creatively with Words and two national tests, of our authorship, Styles of Thinking and Creating, and Self-descriptors Adjectives. The process of validation of these instruments is presented, demonstrating the possibility of measuring some of the interactions among the dimensions of person, process and environment as related to creativity. Concluding, it is emphasized the need to search for instruments tested under psychometry criteria, to allow for a more comprehensive understanding and multidimensional approach on the assessment of creativity.
ResumoAs semelhanças e discrepâncias entre inteligência e criatividade foram investigadas, assim como os possíveis impactos de gênero e série educacional sobre o seu desenvolvimento. A amostra foi composta por 172 estudantes (91 mulheres, 81 homens), com idades variando dos 7 aos 17 anos. A avaliação da inteligência foi feita por meio da versão brasileira da Bateria Woodcock-Johnson III enquanto que criatividade foi avaliada pelos Testes de Pensamento Criativo de Torrance. Os resultados obtidos pelas MANOVA e ANOVA demonstraram efeitos significativos de série escolar para inteligência e criatividade figural, e de sexo para criatividade verbal. Não houve correlações significativas entre inteligência e criatividade, de acordo com as medianas nos testes de inteligência. A análise fatorial rotação Varimax apontou distinção entre inteligência, criatividade verbal e figurativa, indicando a independência entre estes construtos.Palavras-chave: avaliação; testes; criatividade; inteligência; desenvolvimento cognitivo. AbstractCreativity and intelligence: analyzing developmental similarities and discrepancies. The similarities and discrepancies between intelligence and creativity were investigated as well as the impact of gender and educational level upon their development. The sample was composed of 172 students (91 women, 81 man), ages ranging from 7-17 years old. Intelligence was assessed through the Brazilian version of the WoodcockJohnson III tests, whereas creativity was evaluated through the Torrance tests of creativity. Results analyzed by MANOVA and ANOVA indicated significant effects of educational grade upon intelligence and creativity, and sex effects only on verbal creativity. No significant correlations were found between intelligence and creativity according to median results on intelligence tests. Factor analysis demonstrated the distinction among intelligence, verbal and figural creativity. On conclusion, creativity and intelligence were found as being independent constructs.
ResumoIntrodução: A dor lombar é considerada um problema de saúde pública que afeta 70% a 80% da população adulta, e a lombalgia, quando crônica, compromete a AbstractIntroduction: The low back pain is considered a public health problem and affects 70% to 80% of the adult population. When chronic, it undertakes the quality of life on many levels. Objective: To investigate the relations of creative profile in the quality of life of patients with chronic low back pain. Method: Sample of 158 participants, 105 women and 53 men, aged 30 to 88 years, with chronic low back pain, diagnosed with lumbar osteoarthritis, registered in five clinics. Instruments: Scale of Creative Profile; WHOQOL-bref; Visual Analogue Scale; Supplementary Questionnaire. Results: The Pearson coefficient found positive correlations between the factor Daring with the
Job crafting is proactive bottom-up job redesign to optimize person-job fi t. A job crafting intervention is any training or method designed to stimulate or develop job crafting behaviors in employees. This paper systematically reviews research examining the eff ects of job crafting interventions and identifi es their tendencies and gaps. A search was conducted in PsycINFO, Academic Search Premier, Web of Science, and SciELO using the key terms job crafting and interventions in databases available from 2007 to September 2017. We identifi ed eight studies that met our inclusion criteria. The analysis of these articles revealed that the design of seven intervention studies was based on theoretical assumptions derived from job demands-resources theory and used a quasi-experimental design. Job crafting interventions increased diff erent types of job crafting behaviors, well-being variables, and job performance. Inconsistencies regarding signifi cant eff ects in job resources and work engagement across studies are discussed. Recommendations for future research on job crafting interventions in organizations are presented.
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