Endometriosis is a continuous and progressive disease with a poorly understood aetiology, pathophysiology and natural history. This study evaluated the histological differences between eutopic and ectopic endometria (abdominal wall endometriosis) and the expression of mast cell proteases (tryptase and chymase), annexin A1 (ANXA1) and formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1). Ectopic endometrium from 18 women with abdominal wall endometriosis and eutopic endometrium from 10 women without endometriosis were obtained. The endometrial samples were analysed by histopathology, immunohistochemistry and ultrastructural immunogold labeling to determine mast cell heterogeneity (tryptase and chymase positive cells) and the expression levels of ANXA1 and FPR1. Histopathological analysis of the endometriotic lesions showed a glandular pattern of mixed differentiation and an undifferentiated morphology with a significant influx of inflammatory cells and a change in mast cell heterogeneity, as evidenced by a significant increase in the number of chymase-positive cells and endogenous chymase expression. The undifferentiated glandular pattern of endometriotic lesions was positively associated with a marked increase and co-localization of ANXA1 and FPR1 in the epithelial cells. In conclusion, the co-upregulated expression of mast cell chymase and ANXA1-FPR1 system in ectopic endometrium suggests their involvement in the development of endometriotic lesions.
Chromoblastomycosis is a fungal infection caused by dematiaceous fungi inducing skin lesions of difficult treatment and of frequent recurrence. The objective of the present investigation was to characterize cell-mediated tissue reactions in the skin in cases of Chromoblastomycosis using histopathology and immunocytochemistry methods and to correlate them with different clinical forms of Chromoblastomycosis. Biopsies from 19 patients were stained with HE and Giemsa, and serial sections were immunohistochemically stained using CD45RO, CD20, CD4, CD8, CD68, CD1a, CD34, IL4, IL10, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma antibodies. A quantitative and semiquantitative analysis of the cell subsets and cytokines in the inflammatory infiltrates was performed by counting ten high-power fields (400x). The cutaneous lesion presented as verrucous plaque (n = 15) or erythematous atrophic plaque (n = 4). We observed two types of tissue reaction: A) a granulomatous reaction with a suppurative granuloma with several fungi cells in the cutaneous lesion presenting as verrucous plaque; B) a granulomatous reaction with a tuberculoid granuloma with few fungi cells in the cutaneous lesion presenting as atrophic plaque. The data obtained suggest that patients with lesion presented as verrucous plaque have a type Th2 immunological response, while patients with lesion presented as erythematous atrophic plaque have a type Th1 response.
BACKGROUNDThe incidence of cutaneous melanoma is increasing worldwide. Since it is an
aggressive neoplasm, it is difficult to treat in advanced stages; early diagnosis
is important to heal the patient. Melanocytic nevi are benign pigmented skin
lesions while atypical nevi are associated with the risk of developing melanoma
because they have a different histological pattern than common nevi. Thus, the
clinical diagnosis of pigmented lesions is of great importance to differentiate
benign, atypical and malignant lesions. Dermoscopy appeared as an auxiliary test
in vivo, playing an important role in the diagnosis of pigmented lesions, because
it allows the visualization of structures located below the stratum
corneum. It shows a new morphological dimension of these lesions to
the dermatologist and allows greater diagnostic accuracy. However, histopathology
is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis. OBJECTIVESTo establish the sensitivity and specificity of dermoscopy in the diagnosis of
pigmented lesions suspected of malignancy (atypical nevi), comparing both the
dermatoscopic with the histopathological diagnosis, at the Dermatology Service of
the outpatient clinic of Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto, SP.METHODSAnalysis of melanocytic nevi by dermoscopy and subsequent biopsy on suspicion of
atypia or if the patient so desires, for subsequent histopathological diagnosis.RESULTSSensitivity: 93%. Specificity: 42%. CONCLUSIONSDermoscopy is a highly sensitive method for the diagnosis of atypical melanocytic
nevi. Despite the low specificity with many false positive diagnoses, the method
is effective for scanning lesions with suspected features of malignancy.
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