The Big Five Inventory (BFI) is a self-report measure designed to assess the high-order personality traits of Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness. As part of the International Sexuality Description Project, the BFI was translated from English into 28 languages and administered to 17,837 individuals from 56 nations. The resulting cross-cultural data set was used to address three main questions: Does the factor structure of the English BFI fully replicate across cultures? How valid are the BFI trait profiles of individual nations? And how are personality traits distributed throughout the world? The five-dimensional structure was robust across major regions of the world. Trait levels were related in predictable ways to self-esteem, sociosexuality, and national personality profiles. People from the geographic regions of South America and East Asia were significantly different in openness from those inhabiting other world regions. The discussion focuses on limitations of the current data set and important directions for future research.

As part of the International Sexuality Description Project, a total of 17,804 participants from 62 cultural regions completedthe RelationshipQuestionnaire(RQ), a self-reportmeasure of adult romanticattachment. Correlational analyses within each culture suggested that the Model of Self and the Model of Other scales of the RQ were psychometrically valid within most cultures. Contrary to expectations, the Model of Self and Model of Other dimensions of the RQ did not underlie the four-category model of attachment in the same way across all cultures. Analyses of specific attachment styles revealed that secure romantic attachment was normative in 79% of cultures and that preoccupied romantic attachment was particularly prevalent in East Asian cultures. Finally, the romantic attachment profiles of individual nations were correlated with sociocultural indicators in ways that supported evolutionary theories of romantic attachment and basic human mating strategies.

BackgroundThe resilience to face disease is a process of positive adaptation despite the loss of health. It involves developing vitality and skills to overcome the negative effects of adversity, risks, and vulnerability caused by disease. In Mexico, the Mexican Resilience Measurement Scale (RESI-M) has been validated with a general population and has a five-factor structure. However, this scale does not allow evaluation of resilience in specific subpopulations, such as caregivers.MethodThis study investigated the psychometric properties of RESI-M in 446 family caregivers of children with chronic diseases. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed, internal consistency values were calculated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and mean comparisons were determined using t-tests.ResultsThe expected five-factor model showed an adequate fit with the data based on a maximum likelihood test. The internal consistency for each factor ranged from .76 to .93, and the global internal consistency was .95. No average difference in RESI-M and its factors was found between women and men.ConclusionThe RESI-M showed internal consistency and its model of five correlated factors was valid among family caregivers of children with chronic diseases.

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ResumenLa adolescencia es un periodo crítico para el inicio y desarrollo de las adicciones. Para los padres de familia cada vez son más comunes las adversidades relacionadas con el consumo de alcohol de sus hijos adolescentes y las consecuencias para el desarrollo de estos. El propósito de esta investigación fue establecer si el funcionamiento familiar predice el potencial resiliente de padres con hijos adolescentes que consumen o no consumen alcohol. Participaron de manera voluntaria 140 padres y madres de familia con un hijo adolescente que presentaba un consumo riesgoso de alcohol y 187 padres y madres de familia con un adolescente que no consumía alcohol. Se aplicaron las escalas de Potencial Resiliente (García & García-Méndez, 2013) y Funcionamiento Familiar (García-Méndez, Rivera, Reyes-Lagunes, Díaz-Loving, 2006

ResumenLo que las personas sienten, piensan y hacen después de haber sido lastimados por el comportamiento de su pareja sentimental, ha sido estudiado como un continuo que va desde el resentimiento hasta el perdón, por lo que se ha inferido uno a partir de las puntuaciones bajas del otro y se ha omitido la medición directa del resentimiento. En esta investigación se diseñaron y validaron la escala del perdón hacia la pareja, y la escala del resentimiento hacia la pareja. Participaron 581 adultos mexicanos que se encontraban en una relación romántica en la cual habían sido lastimados u ofendidos por su pareja en algún momento. Los instrumentos mostraron alta consistencia interna y adecuada validez de constructo mediante análisis factorial exploratorio. Los productos de esta investigación ofrecen la posibilidad de medir el perdón y el resentimiento hacia la pareja de manera independiente para profundizar en la comprensión de ambos fenómenos. Palabras clave: transgresión, benevolencia, venganza, compasión, evitación AbstractWhat people feel, think, and do after having been hurt by the behavior of their sentimental partner, has been frequently studied as a continuum from resentment to forgiveness, so that empirically one has been inferred from low scores on the other and direct measurement of resentment has been omitted. In this research two scales where designed and psychometrically validated, the forgiveness toward the romantic partner scale, and the resentment toward the romantic couple scale. The instruments showed high internal consistency and adequate construct validity through exploratory factor analysis. The products of this research offer the possibility to measure forgiveness and resentment towards the romantic partner independently and thereby deepen the understanding of forgiveness and resentment in romantic relationships.

Con el propósito de establecer si el enfrentamiento y el conflicto, intervienen en la depresión, 405 participantes respondieron de manera voluntaria, la escala multidimensional multisituacional de enfrentamiento (Góngora, 1996), la de conflicto (Rivera, Cruz, Arnaldo, & Díaz-Loving, 2004) y el BDI-II (Beck, Steer & Brown, 2006). Resultado de una regresión múltiple paso a paso, la depresión es predicha por estrategias de vida emocional-negativo [β = .405**], pareja directo-revalorativo [β=-.258**], vida directo-revalorativo [β = -.181**], pareja emocional-negativo [β = .159**] pareja evasiva [β = .102*]. Una segunda regresión paso a paso, predice la depresión, por conflictos de personalidad [β = .425**], desconfianza [β = .192**], celos [β = -.198**], religión [β= -.120*], sexualidad [β = .129*].