Objective: This study aimed to explore the underlying causes for the delays seeking medical treatment experienced by Indonesian women with breast cancer and what kinds of non-medical treatment were pursued instead.Methods: This study used qualitative methods with in-depth interviews among 20 participants to reveal the causes of delaying medical treatment by patients with breast cancer. Subjects were chosen from women diagnosed with breast cancer who had delayed their medical treatment for various reasons and were currently undergoing medical treatment at a hospital.Results: The underlying causes for the delay of medical treatment were varied, including psychological reasons (fear of surgery, being worried about adverse effects of the medicine, making troubles to the other people, afraid of losing breast, or losing husband); lack of knowledge about cancer (unfamiliar with the symptoms of cancer, possible cancer cure by nutritious food, more trust in alternative medicine, myth, participant’s husband did not approve her surgery, only rely on prayer, forgot if she was sick); factors deriving from health service system (limited facilities, a false diagnosis, queue rooms/radiotherapy/for hospitalization, the radiotherapy equipment was out of service, patient unable to walk, high out-of-pocket cost, and doctors were not communicative). During time delay, some patients have also sought non-medical treatment with herbal medicines, non-herbal medicines, and non-conventional treatment (laser, reiki, acupuncture, and vest treatments).Conclusion: Many factors affect the delay of medical care among patients with breast cancer. Often, these delays influence the patients to seek alternative treatments.
Professional Behavior (PB) is an observable behavior which reflects professional values, proven by behavior, speech and appearance that can increase patients" confidence of their doctor. PB is a component of professionalism which receives a lot of attention by the institution of medical education in Indonesia, with special reference to its pluralism, multicultural and multiethnic diversity. This qualitative study was conducted to identify the PB attributes adjusted for the Indonesian context. The data collection included: 1) literature study; 2) in-depth interviews and 3) Focus Group Discussions (FGD). Participants interviewed were the chairman of the Center for Pancasila Study (PSP), chairman of center for religious cross cultural studies (CRCS) , artists and Catholic, Hindu and Muslim religious leaders. Participant selection was purposeful, based on their links with the characteristic aspects of Indonesia. The FGD participants were the pertinent stakeholders and experts associated with the Medical and Health sciences education, health practitioners and physicians. Total of 26 FGD participants were grouped into 3 groups. Following analysis by the researchers, the qualitative data transcripts from FGD and interviews were randomly verified by other researchers. The qualitative data on the PB attributes from the literature and the interviews and FGDs were classified and categorized in three stages to avoid overlap, and collated to obtain the final PB attributes. The results of this study indicated the presence of 34 of 133 identified PB attributes. The five PB attributes found in all sources were: 1) respect, 2) honesty; 3) integrity; 4) responsibility and 5) altruism. There were attributes only obtained from the Indonesian sources, namely a faith or belief in God Almighty. All PB could be realized best when based on the faith in the Lord as internal motivation. Amanah, Siddiq, Tablig, and Fathonah have long been important teachings for one of the biggest religions in Indonesia (Islam) in which honesty, integrity and responsibility are implied within it, three attributes of the five essential attributes gained from this research.
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Background: One of the most important factors in providing health services is communication. Effective communication between patient-physician will have an impact on health outcomes. Nevertheless, a gap still occurs in patient-physician communication.Objective: This study aimed to determine the correlation between the core concepts of the well-established Health Belief Model: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers and cues to action with the concept of self-efficacy in applying the newly developed Indonesian Model of Assertive Communication called “CERDAS”.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted with 202 eligible women of the Family Welfare Programme in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The samples were selected using quota sampling. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test.Results: Results of the Pearson correlation tests between self efficacy and perceived susceptibiliy showed r: 0.191, perceived severity r: 0.239, perceived benefits r: 0.256, perceived barriers r: 0.272, and cues to action r: 229; with all values p0.05.Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, perceived benefits and perceived barriers, as well as cues to action with self-efficacy in applying the new Model of Assertive Patient-Physician Communication, “CERDAS”.
Background: Educational institutions must promote the learning of professional behavior as early as possible and conduct evaluation of the implementation, including evaluation of the academic integrity implementation. This study aims to determine the academic integrity perception, behavior and intention of students and their relation to mental capacity and basic personality of students based on the MMPI-2 measurements.Method: This was a non-experimental, conducting quantitative survey involving 209 medical students from one of Faculty of Medicine in Indonesia.Results: The relationship between mental capacity and basic personality based on the measurement of MMPI-2 and the perceptions, attitude and intentions of academic integrity were found. On mental capacity, a correlation was found between potential performance and perceptions (r = 0.169 and p = 0.014) and academic integrity behavior (r = 0.170 and p = 0.014), between adaptability and perception of academic integrity of fellow students (r = 0.149 and p = 0.032), between psychological constraints and academic integrity behavior score (r = 0.137 and p = 0.049) and between moral integrity and perception score of academic integrity (r = - 0.220 and p = 0.001). On the basic personality, there was a correlation between openness to pressure and perceptions of academic integrity of fellow students (r = 0.141 and p = 0.041), as well as between basic personality and perception (r = 0.169 and p = 0.014) and academic integrity behavior (r = 0.154 and p = 0.026).Conclusion: There is a correlation in some variables of mental capacity and basic personality based on MMPI-2 to perception and academic integrity behavior.
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