This paper presents the standalone type vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) smart rotor using variable diameter rotor (VDR) in order to tap constant power and maintain cut-in wind speed. VDR is a smart variable rotor capable of operating at a low wind speed, in which the width of diameter rotor is adjustable using actuators. The VDR rotor is connected to the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and a DC-DC boost converter. The controller of VDR rotors uses fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The FLC variable inputs are wind speed data and power output, broken down into cluster groups to determine the diameter rotor position. The wind speed data as fuzzy input are produced by wind speed estimator using artificial neural network (ANN) to maintain cut-in speed to be faster. The velocity movement of VDR is limited from 75 cm to 150 cm. The VDR extension increases by 25% when the wind speed decreases from 8 to 6 m/s to obtain consistent power at 150 Watt. The experimental of VDR system is tested at low wind speeds ranging from 1 to 8 m/s as a verification of the control system. The result showed that the VDR produced five times increase in efficiency with faster cut-in wind speed at 2.0 m/s.
Photovoltaic system (PV) is widely used in various renewable energy application. The main problem of PV system is how to get the maximum output power which is integrated in microgrid system. Furthermore, the redundancy output power generated by on a distribution system should also be considered. This study utilizes the excess power for energy storage using bidirectional of KY inverse converter. Since the DC voltage which generated by PV and the energy storage will be converted into AC voltage using inverter toward load. This paper proposes ANFIS as search optimization method using SEPIC converter with a maximum efficiency of 99.95% to impact to power generation performance in microgrid system.
This paper presents the design of DC micro grid with a load-based battery discharge method for remote island electrification utilising marine currents and solar photovoltaic. To anticipate the intermittent, a load-based battery discharge method is proposed. A centralized battery storage is sized according to the unfilled load demand by the marine current and the solar PV. Thus, the length of the turbine diameter is varied to meet the optimum system size. Hourly data of marine current speed from Cipalulu Strait in Maluku, Indonesia is provided. Data at a typical time, shows that the marine current peak power occurs every 6 hours perday, whereas the PV is at noon. The loads divide into 6 categories, including household 1, household 2, villagse office, school, mosque, and public health center with the peak demand as 112 kW and 856 kWh perday. All loads, mainly for lightings and electronic equipment work in 24 V DC through converters. The distribution network employs 320 V DC connecting from the power plan to the community residents. Simulations demonstrate that the battery size, solar PV, and turbine radius matches to meet the loads. Simulations also show that the battery utilization meets its current and capacity, meaning that an optimum size and filling the load profile can be smoothly conducted.
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