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Essential oil constituents impart this spice with both antinociceptive and hyperalgesic potentially flavor-related properties.

A small series of 1-acetyl-2-(4-alkoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropanes was prepared, starting from dehydrozingerone (4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-buten-2-one) and its O-alkyl derivatives. Their microbiological activities toward some strains of bacteria and fungi were tested, as well as their in vitro cytotoxic activity against some cancer cell lines (HeLa, LS174 and A549). All synthesized compounds showed significant antimicrobial activity and expressed cytotoxic activity against tested carcinoma cell lines, but they showed no significant influence on normal cell line (MRC5). Butyl derivative is the most active on HeLa cells (IC = 8.63 μm), while benzyl one is active against LS174 and A549 cell lines (IC = 10.17 and 12.15 μm, respectively).

O-alkylated vanillin derivatives 2a-f and acetyl ferrocene react under Claisen-Schmidt conditions, resulting in good-to-high yields of the corresponding ferrocene chalcones 3a-f. None of the resultant compounds 3b-f has been previously described in the literature. All synthesized compounds were characterized by spectral and physical data, whereas two of them, 1-ferrocenyl-3-(4-ethoxy-3methoxyphenyl)-prop-2-en-1-one (3b) and 1-ferrocenyl-3-(4-buthoxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-prop-2-en-1-one (3e), were crystalline substances, suitable for single-crystal Xray analysis, which confirmed undoubtedly their structures.Chalcones 3a-f were tested for their biological activity and demonstrated relatively good in vitro antimicrobial activity towards different strains of bacteria and fungi. The best antibacterial activity is expressed by compounds 3b and 3c, while compound 3d shows the best antifungal activity.

The selective synthesis of 5,6-dihydropyrimidin-4­(3H)-one scaffold (precursor of dihydrouracil) was a very difficult synthetic challenge that, so far, has not been achieved. For the first time, in this paper, green, selective and high-yields approach to 40 novel 5,6-dihydropyrimidin-4­(3H)-ones (DHPMs) by one-pot reaction of aldehydes, Meldrum’s acid and isothioureas under solvent-free conditions, in the presence of water, since an additive is presented. In the majority of cases, introduced methodology gave an unprecedented tautomer-selective fashion toward targeted compounds with excellent tautomeric purity (>99.9%), which reached 100% in few cases. The molecular structure of the five compounds has been determined by X-ray crystallography. In each one of them, very short length for the corresponding N2–C1 bond was noticed, making them especially interesting from a structural standpoint. This experimental fact can imply a highly localized electron π density in this part of each heterocyclic ring. The obtained experimental results, which are determined from NMR and ESI-MS study, indicate that this Biginelli-type reaction smoothly proceeds in a one-pot mode, pointing to the three-step tandem process, proceeding via the Knoevenagel, aza-Michael, and retro-Diels–Alder reactions. The presented strategy also had the following advantages: reduction amount of waste, excellent values of green chemistry metrics (cEF, EcoScale and GCIS), and it is the first eco-friendly strategy toward the DHPMs scaffold.

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