Background: Fine needle aspiration is a quick and effective method in the diagnosis of breast lumps and is being widely used in the preoperative assessment of breast lesions. Studies related to male breast lesions are rare. The aim of our study is to study the spectrum of male breast lesions and to analyze the cytological spectrums of these lesions. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted over a period of 5 years. FNAC was done on all male patients clinically presenting with breast lesions. Cytological findings were retrospectively correlated with histopathological dignosis. FNAC diagnosis was categorized as benign, malignant, suspicious of malignancy and unsatisfactory. Results: Male breast lesions formed 6.2% (38 cases) of the 612 breast lesions which were sent for FNA over a period of 5 years. Of these histopathological examination was done only in 19 cases. 86.8% (33 cases) were benign or reactive and 10.6% (4 cases) were malignant. Gynecomastia was the commonest benign lesion (29 cases). Conclusion: This study showed that FNAC is a reliable, sensitive and specific diagnostic tool for diagnosing male breast lesions. Hence, it should be used as a first line of investigation in the evaluation of male breast lesions.

INTRODUCTIONThe orbit is a unique and anatomically complex structure composed of the globe, extra ocular muscles, fat, vascular, nerve, glandular and connective tissues.1 Many of the tissues are neuroectodermal in origin. Therefore, neoplastic lesions of these tissues display wider range of pathological findings as compared to similar tumours in rest of the body.2 The diverse presentation of orbital lesions is compounded by the patients' fear of loss of vision. Hence, quite often lesions of the orbit pose as a major challenge to ophthalmologists and surgical pathologists alike. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) provides a safe, simple, cost effective and reliable outpatient department technique for the rapid diagnosis of orbital lesions. FNAC has a high diagnostic accuracy rate, provided that adequate material is aspirated for microscopical examination and interpretation is done properly.3,4 It allows the diagnosis of a new primary lesion or the recurrence or metastasis of a tumour. In addition, it aids to identify benign resectable neoplasms that are treated by limited surgery while reducing unnecessary surgeries for diseases that medical therapy, as in nonresectable, inflammatory, and lymphoid tumours. 5 ABSTRACTBackground: FNAC has been playing an important role in the diagnosis of ophthalmic lesions. Being a quick and cost effective method, FNAC aids in the diagnosis of non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions that warrant immediate medical or surgical intervention. However, there is a paucity of studies in this regard. The aim of our study is to analyze the cytological spectrum of ocular lesions followed by subsequent histopathological examination. Methods: The study was conducted over a period of 5 years. FNAC was done on patients clinically presenting with ocular lesions. Cytological findings were retrospectively correlated with histopathological diagnosis. Results: A total 63 cases of ophthalmic lesions were analysed. Of these, 36 were males and 27 were females. The age of patients ranged from 3 to 75 years. The cases were categorised according to location and into benign (58.73%) and malignant cases (41.27%). Histopathological diagnosis was available in 58 cases. The commonest benign lesion was chalazion (9 cases). The commonest benign lid tumour was hemangioma (5 cases) while commonest malignant lid tumour was basal cell carcinoma (4 cases) followed by squamous cell carcinoma and sebaceous gland carcinoma (3 cases each). Retinoblastoma was the most common intra-ocular tumour of childhood (<2 years). Adenoid cystic carcinoma was the commonest malignancy of lacrimal gland while pleomorphic adenoma was the commonest benign neoplasm. Conclusions: This study showed that FNAC is a reliable, sensitive and specific tool for diagnosing ocular lesions. Hence, it may be used as a first line of investigation in the evaluation of ophthalmic pathology.

BACKGROUND: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the salivary gland is a time tested, cost effective, reliable and safe technique in the diagnosis of both neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of the salivary gland. It also helps to eliminate confusion with lymphadenopathies as there is a lot of overlap in the clinical presentation of both salivary gland and lymph node swellings. Here we aim to study the incidence of common salivary gland pathologies in our set up and also attempt to analyze the role of FNAC in differentiating between sialadenopathies and lymphadenopathies. METHODS: A retrospective study of 100 consecutive patients clinically diagnosed with salivary gland pathologies and referred to Cytopathology Section, Department of Pathology, CIMS, Bilaspur for FNAC was conducted from 01.04.2004 to 07.05.2010. Clinically diagnosed lymph node swellings which subsequently evinced salivary gland cytopathology were also included in this study. The lesions were classified based on cytomorphological diagnostic criteria and different incidental parameters like age, sex, location, presenting symptoms, duration of complaints etc were calculated. RESULTS: The lesions were broadly categorized cytomorphologically into non-neoplastic salivary gland lesions (42.5%), benign neoplastic salivary gland lesions (46.25%) and malignant salivary gland lesions (11.25 %) after excluding the negative results (aspiration failure, inadequate material, non salivary cytopathology). M:F Ratio was 1.56:1 (61:39). Parotid was the most common salivary gland involved (47.5%). The most common benign salivary neoplasm was pleomorphic adenoma (38.75%) and the most common malignant neoplasm was mucoepidermoid carcinoma (7.5%). CONCLUSION: FNAC is a reliable, safe and simple outpatient procedure in the diagnosis of salivary gland lesions, and is also of some value in distinguishing salivary lesions from clinically indistinguishable non salivary swellings occurring in the same locations.

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