Background: Fine needle aspiration is a quick and effective method in the diagnosis of breast lumps and is being widely used in the preoperative assessment of breast lesions. Studies related to male breast lesions are rare. The aim of our study is to study the spectrum of male breast lesions and to analyze the cytological spectrums of these lesions. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted over a period of 5 years. FNAC was done on all male patients clinically presenting with breast lesions. Cytological findings were retrospectively correlated with histopathological dignosis. FNAC diagnosis was categorized as benign, malignant, suspicious of malignancy and unsatisfactory. Results: Male breast lesions formed 6.2% (38 cases) of the 612 breast lesions which were sent for FNA over a period of 5 years. Of these histopathological examination was done only in 19 cases. 86.8% (33 cases) were benign or reactive and 10.6% (4 cases) were malignant. Gynecomastia was the commonest benign lesion (29 cases). Conclusion: This study showed that FNAC is a reliable, sensitive and specific diagnostic tool for diagnosing male breast lesions. Hence, it should be used as a first line of investigation in the evaluation of male breast lesions.
INTRODUCTIONThe orbit is a unique and anatomically complex structure composed of the globe, extra ocular muscles, fat, vascular, nerve, glandular and connective tissues.1 Many of the tissues are neuroectodermal in origin. Therefore, neoplastic lesions of these tissues display wider range of pathological findings as compared to similar tumours in rest of the body.2 The diverse presentation of orbital lesions is compounded by the patients' fear of loss of vision. Hence, quite often lesions of the orbit pose as a major challenge to ophthalmologists and surgical pathologists alike. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) provides a safe, simple, cost effective and reliable outpatient department technique for the rapid diagnosis of orbital lesions. FNAC has a high diagnostic accuracy rate, provided that adequate material is aspirated for microscopical examination and interpretation is done properly.3,4 It allows the diagnosis of a new primary lesion or the recurrence or metastasis of a tumour. In addition, it aids to identify benign resectable neoplasms that are treated by limited surgery while reducing unnecessary surgeries for diseases that medical therapy, as in nonresectable, inflammatory, and lymphoid tumours. 5 ABSTRACTBackground: FNAC has been playing an important role in the diagnosis of ophthalmic lesions. Being a quick and cost effective method, FNAC aids in the diagnosis of non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions that warrant immediate medical or surgical intervention. However, there is a paucity of studies in this regard. The aim of our study is to analyze the cytological spectrum of ocular lesions followed by subsequent histopathological examination. Methods: The study was conducted over a period of 5 years. FNAC was done on patients clinically presenting with ocular lesions. Cytological findings were retrospectively correlated with histopathological diagnosis. Results: A total 63 cases of ophthalmic lesions were analysed. Of these, 36 were males and 27 were females. The age of patients ranged from 3 to 75 years. The cases were categorised according to location and into benign (58.73%) and malignant cases (41.27%). Histopathological diagnosis was available in 58 cases. The commonest benign lesion was chalazion (9 cases). The commonest benign lid tumour was hemangioma (5 cases) while commonest malignant lid tumour was basal cell carcinoma (4 cases) followed by squamous cell carcinoma and sebaceous gland carcinoma (3 cases each). Retinoblastoma was the most common intra-ocular tumour of childhood (<2 years). Adenoid cystic carcinoma was the commonest malignancy of lacrimal gland while pleomorphic adenoma was the commonest benign neoplasm. Conclusions: This study showed that FNAC is a reliable, sensitive and specific tool for diagnosing ocular lesions. Hence, it may be used as a first line of investigation in the evaluation of ophthalmic pathology.
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