The study examines the basic research methodologies and approaches for assessing business performance. It provides a critical literature analysis on how perception-based evaluation can be used to evaluate performance, specifically for SMEs. The analysis of the literature covers articles from major journals related to the topic. The methodology followed during the conduct of this paper involves starting with the broad case of articles in general business performance measurement, then focusing on the indicators used to study SMEs. Next, the review screens the list, focusing on the differences between subjective and objective measures. The validity issue related to subjective measures is also discussed.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has had a direct impact on the manufacturing industry in Malaysia because all economic activities had to be suspended for some time. This study explores the role that eco-innovation capabilities might play in improving sustainable business performance during the ongoing pandemic. This study employs a quantitative method by distributing online questionnaires to 80 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Klang Valley, Malaysia. In the study, the relationship between sustainable business performance and the three variables of eco-innovation capabilities, i.e., eco-product innovation, eco-management innovation and eco-logistic innovation, were determined using multiple regression analysis. The results indicate that two hypotheses are accepted and the other one is rejected. The findings indicate that most manufacturing SMEs in Klang Valley have adopted eco-management innovation and eco-logistic innovation as crucial capabilities for their businesses during the pandemic. However, due to the challenges faced by these SMEs during the pandemic, eco-product innovation was found to have an insignificant relationship with sustainable business performance. It is insignificant because of the low productivity rate observed during the pandemic. Hence, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused manufacturing SMEs in the Klang Valley to not be able to maintain their operations and stay on track. Therefore, this research may contribute to the efforts of policymakers, government agencies and managers of manufacturing SMEs in developing a strong innovation platform on which manufacturing SMEs may rely for support in enhancing their business capacity and performance.

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The objective of this study is to look at how Malaysian small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are applying eco-innovation capabilities in order to sustain their business performance. Eco-innovation capabilities are represented in this study by five different types of practices, with the indication of unexpected circumstances: eco-product innovation, eco-process innovation, eco-organisational innovation, eco-marketing innovation, and eco-technology innovation. The qualitative research approach was used in the study, and the content analysis was based on in-depth interviews with six top-level managers/owners of Malaysian manufacturing SMEs. According to the data, more than half of SMEs acquired eco-innovation capabilities in order to continue their business performance and thrive in the business sector, while having to confront certain hurdles due to unforeseen situations. According to the findings, eco-innovation capabilities encourage SMEs to engage in waste management, recycling or reusing resources, research and development, sustainable goods that utilize customer requests, and the use of environment management machines. Thus, the findings of this study may aid the efforts of government agencies, policymakers, and top-tier manufacturing SMEs in building an exceptional innovation platform on which SMEs may rely for assistance and support in preserving their business performance in the future and beyond.

Competitive advantage expresses the extent to which the organization has higher capabilities than its competitors in exploiting the available opportunities and limiting the potential effects. Its importance also enables the organization to make better use of its material, human and technological resources than its competitors by providing the best services and the best products to its customers. This lofty goal prompted Jordanian banks to adopt total quality management (TQM) and quality performance as crucial factors to achieve a superior competitive advantage for an organization. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine the mediating effect of quality performance on the relationship between total quality management and competitive advantage. This study employed a questionnaire survey with a sample of 336 managers of the Jordanian banking sector. The study model is validated and tested using the partial least squares structural equation modeling. The result of this study showed that total quality management has a positive significant effect on competitive advantage and quality performance mediated the relationship between TQM and competitive advantage in the Jordanian banking sector

When comparing actual outputs of an organization to its expected results, aims, and objectives, this is referred to as organizational performance (Abuzarqa, 2019; Al Khajeh, 2018). Therefore, this study is to determine the impact of organizational culture and leadership styles on the performance of Jordanian government organizations. The total number of respondents in this survey was 168, and they were divided into Jordanian government employees. The quantitative analysis test, which includes the validity test, reliability test, classic assumptions test, and hypothesis test, is used in the data analysis process. Organizational culture and leadership styles are independent variables in this study. Organizations’ performance is the dependent variable in this study. The findings of this study reveal that organizational culture and leadership styles have a significant or minor impact on the performance of Jordanian public organizations. The two independent variables have a significant point that supports the hypothesis. As a result, it is widely assumed that organizational culture and leadership styles have an impact on the functioning of Jordanian government organizations. Future studies may examine managerial support as a moderating variable between organizational culture and leadership styles and performance.

This study applied transformational leadership and perspective theory to ascertain the impacts of idealized influence and inspirational motivation on organizational culture. Data were gathered from information technology firm managers in Jordan, utilizing a quantitative approach – there were three levels of managers involved. Structural equation modeling with partial least squares (PLS-SEM) was used for data analysis. The results show positive impacts of idealized influence and inspirational motivation on organizational culture. The positive impact of idealized influence and inspirational motivation on organizational performance implies that organizational culture mediates the relation between idealized influence, inspirational motivation, and organizational performance. Several interesting findings were highlighted for the Information Technology sector in Jordan. Relevant companies worldwide could peruse the findings of this study to improve their organizational culture and performance. The current study adds to the epistemology new framework covering the transformational leadership theory perception to address the factors that influence organizational performance, including the transformational leadership styles to achieve superior performance through the activation of organizational culture.