Centella asiatica or "pegaga" is well known for its ability in promoting wound healing. This study focused on the effect of C. asiatica on the proliferation of human respiratory epithelial (RE) cells. RE cells were cultured using co-culture techniques until first passage (P1). Viability cell test by tryphan blue dye exclusion assay showed that there was high percentage of cell viability at both P0 (74%) and P1 (91.61%). Triplicate tetrazolium dye (MTT assays) were carried out with different concentrations of C.
The use of open-hole completions in the design of production wells is a particularly appealing choice for oil companies, since it can ensure huge economic advantage compared to conventional cased-hole completions. Nowadays, most operators are looking for more innovative economical well completion design. Swell packer is one of the technology that widely used in open-hole completion strategy with combination of others completion accessories. Coupling the swell packer with open-hole completion application, it makes multiple zonal pressure isolation in the following open-hole completion possible: bare foot condition, predrilled liner, stand-alone screen, open-hole gravel pack or even open-hole fracturing packing. However, few typical implications associated with open-hole completion which complicated further the well integrity and flow performance monitoring. In 2012, 11 oil producer wells were completed in Field X with open-hole completion and installed with stand-alone screen (SAS), swell packers and double valve float shoes. First oil was achieved in April 2012 with all wells initially producing high oil rate and low water cut. However, towards the end of 2013, some of the wells started to show high water production. Production logging (PL) was conducted at Well #1 to evaluate the flow contribution and water source. It was concluded that the water was coming from the bottom of double valve float shoe. Remedial action was taken by setting a plug for water shut-off and the water rate dropped drastically. In 2015, it was decided to replicate the production/well diagnostic analysis in all open-hole completed wells. Similar results were then observed by production log (PL) and consequently, remedial action was taken accordingly. The production log (PL) interpretation, historical production plot and surface well test results were integrated and provide the required information to determine the forward production strategy in these open-hole completed wells. This paper will share multiple case studies where water source diagnostics have been performed in open-hole completions, as well as lessons learnt and best practices throughout this process.
Senyawa aktif yang terkadung dalam buah nangka (Artocapus heterophyllus Lamk.) diantaranya tannin dan polifenol yang diketahui memiliki efek antibakteri. Perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui komposisi senyawa kimia dan aktifitas antibakteri pada bakteri Staphylococcus aureus (gram positif) dan bakteri Escherichia coli (gram negative) dari limbah kulit buah nangka Ekstraksi kulit buah dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Metode difusi cakram digunakan untuk menguji aktivitas antibakteri dengan 3 kelompok perlakuan (terdiri dari kelompok konsentrasi 10%, 20%, dan 30%) serta 2 kelompok kontrol (chloramphenicol base sebagai control positif dan DMSO sebagai kontrol negative). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 3 kelompok ekstrak kulit buah nangka mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Aktivitas tertinggi terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus pada konsentrasi 30% menghasilkan nilai diameter zona hambat rata-rata sebesar 10,76 mm termasuk kategori kuat dan pada bakteri Escherichia coli menghasilkan diameter zona hambat rata-rata sebesar 7,13 mm termasuk kategori sedang. Hasil Analisis data menggunakan ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak kulit buah nangka berbeda nyata pada bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Hasil uji lanjut dengan Uji Duncan menunjukkan ekstrak kulit buah nangka mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri lebih tinggi pada bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dibanding bakteri Escherichia coli.
Lagenaria siceraria yang dikenal dengan nama biji labu air adalah tanaman yang mengandung senyawa alkaloid, fenol, tanin, flavonoid dan steroid. Senyawa-senyawa diatas berpotensi sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penghambatan pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian skrining fitokimia dapat diketahui bahwa kandungan biji labu air (Lagenaria siceraria) yaitu alkaloid, tanin, flavonoid, steroid dan fenol. Dari hasil uji efektivitas antibakteri ekstrak biji labu air dengan pelarut etil asetat, heksana dan air mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Namun aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak biji labu air yang menggunakan pelarut heksana memiliki zona hambat yang lebih besar dibandingkan ekstrak biji labu air yang menggunakan pelarut etil asetat dan air. Perbandingan aktivitas antimikroba pada ketiga pelarut tersebut dengan variasi konsentrasi pelarut menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari nilai pvalue < 0.05 (p = 0,000).
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