Fringescalesardinella or TambanSisik bones have been discovered can be utilized as sunscreen agent in cosmeceuticals. Its flesh is the main ingredient in keropoklekor or fish crackers in Malaysia and the bones contained very high hydroxyapatite (HAp), (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) compound which exhibit as UV light absorber. The percentage yields obtained from the hydrothermal extraction consist of 41.2 ± 0.66 % (w/w) of HApwhich was almost half of the dry weight of 100 g samples.The additional of manganeseand ferum,initiated the novel sunscreen materials from hydroxyapatite-Fe and hydroxyapatite-Mn doped (modified bones). The unmodified HAp recorded with SPF 20 and modified HAp-Mn measured with SPF 40. Modified HAp-Fe emulsions were recorded with SPF 50 as the highest SPF value. Therefore, the bones have been characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Radiation (FTIR)spectroscopy and x-Ray diffraction (XRD).The results obtained clearly indicated that the HAp existence in waste of Fringescalesardinella bones with addition of FeCl2which exhibits high potential as sunscreen compared to manganese and unmodified bones. Thus, the utilization of waste from the fish bones not only produce value-added products from low-cost resources, but also help in reducing pollution to the environment and preserved the global sustainability.
The title compound, C10H11ClN2OS, adopts a cis-trans configuration with respect to the position of the phenyl and 3-chloropropionyl groups relative to the thiono group across the C—N bonds. The benzene ring is perpendicular to the propionyl thiourea fragment with a dihedral angle of 82.62 (10)°. An intramolecular N—H⋯O interaction occurs. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds, which link pairs of molecules, building up R
2
2(8) ring motifs, and C—H.. π interactions.
Key indicatorsSingle-crystal X-ray study T = 298 K Mean (C-C) = 0.003 Å R factor = 0.046 wR factor = 0.123 Data-to-parameter ratio = 14.8For details of how these key indicators were automatically derived from the article, see
The title compound, C
10
H
9
Cl
2
N
3
O
3
S, adopts a
trans–cis
conformation with respect to the position of chloropropionyl and chloronitrobenzene groups respectively, against the thiono about their C—N bonds. The conformation is stabilized by an intramolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond. In the crystal, there is a short Cl⋯Cl contact with a distance of 3.386 (13) Å.
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