-Water is one of the most important commodities which people and other creatures have exploited more than any other resources for their survival. Many parts of Erbil City and surroundings rely on groundwater reserves for drinking and other purposes. The study area lies within Erbil plain, some 10 km west of Erbil City. The study is based on the electrical resistivity method as a tool for assessing the environmental impact on soil and groundwater. Soil and water samples were collected close to Erbil dumpsite to assess the baseline data. 28 vertical electrical sounding points were taken by Schlumberger array along three geoelectrical sections. These sections revealed five zones of alternating clastic sediments with lateral changes which represent the Bai Hassan Formation. The average depth from the surface to the top of the aquifer is about 80 m. The geoelectrical sections revealed that the septic tank discharge valleys have been polluting the soil in two zones in the vicinity of the household septic discharge site. On the other hand, no adverse impact on groundwater quality is anticipated in the present project. The geophysical method utilized in this study is fast, efficient, and cost-effective in delineating the extent of the probable contamination zone(s).
Twenty seven vertical electrical resistivity soundings (VES), distributed on three profiles, have been carried out around the Erbil city dumpsite location in northern Iraq, by using Schlumberger configuration. The main objective of those VES soundings is to characterize the subsurface structures and to detect the probable soil contamination zones at the dumpsite and the surrounding district. Bai Hassan aquifer in the study region is one of most important natural fresh water in the central sub-basin of Erbil. The 2D Pichgin and Habibulleav technique is applied herein to study and analyse the three VES profiles. Its application in the study region has highly demonstrated the efficacy of such a technique. In fact, the subsurface structures in the study area have been recognized, and the exact position, dip, direction of the faults and groundwater level were also precisely detected. The role of applying this technique together with the available geological information, while carrying out geo-electrical surveys is emphasized to obtain useful, cheap and fast lithological, groundwater table and structural subsurface information.
Two geophysical methods (gravity and resistivity) are used to investigate the Malta archaeological
hill in Duhok City-Iraqi Kurdistan Region. 200 gravity observation points were occupied covering
the southern half of the flat-top of the hill. Precise Bouguer anomaly map and its regional, residual
and Second Vertical Derivative anomalies are constructed to show the anomalous remains. High
precision altitudes and accurate positioning of the stations guaranteed reasonable reductions. Beside gravity,
six resistivity traverses are executed along selected directions. A total of 84 Vertical Electrical Sounding
resistivity measurements along traverses were taken to show variations with depth. A final model of the
subsurface was derived by the integration of both geophysical approaches. The two geophysical methods
revealed the presence of wall remains distributed in a systematic manner under the surface. Their
depth ranges from 0.5m to 1.5m. They are mostly built of limestone rocks of high resistivity and
positive gravity anomalies.
2D Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) was carried out at the proposed Siktan Dam site, Erbil Governorate, NE Iraq. The aim of this study is to evaluating the geo-structural setting of the concealed bedrock along the proposed dam axis and the flanks of the proposed dam site. A comprehensive geotechnical investigation consisting of borehole drilling works and electrical resistivity data were carried out to investigate the subsurface formation. Geologically the proposed dam site is located on the Shiranish Formation consisting of dark gray claystone alternating with limestone marlstone and sandstone. Three profiles were taken by Wenner array with 48 electrodes along of each profile which equal 235m, the space between electrodes is 5m. The SYSCAL PRO instrument is used to collect resistivity data and (SYSCAL Switch) were used with 48 electrodes along one line, and which carries out an automatic switching of these electrodes for acquiring profiling data. The data were processed and interpreted by applying 2D inversions TomoLab software. The using of geophysical prospecting in geotechnical investigation is sometimes looked at as a probable rather than certain method when it comes to construct a detailed subsurface layer profiles. The correlation between borehole information and electrical resistivity ranges was done. The combination of geophysical and geotechnical data may greatly improve the quality of buildings construction in civil engineering. From the structural point of view there is no faults have been detected in this location from ERT and boreholes data as well as there is no evidence of the existence of cavities or any other risky resources. The results indicate that the proposed site is suitable for construction of the dam. Boreholes and geotechnical investigations successfully used to verify the results of the resistivity measurements results.
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