This paper presents an active islanding detection method for a distributed resource (DR) unit which is coupled to a utility grid through a three-phase voltage-sourced converter (VSC). The method is based on injecting a negative-sequence current through the VSC controller and detecting and quantifying the corresponding negative-sequence voltage at the point of common coupling of the VSC by means of a unified three-phase signal processor (UTSP). UTSP is an enhanced phase-locked loop system which provides high degree of immunity to noise, and thus enable islanding detection based on injecting a small ( 3%) negative-sequence current. The negative-sequence current is injected by a negative-sequence controller which is adopted as the complementary of the conventional VSC current controller. Based on simulation studies in the PSCAD/EMTDC environment, performance of the islanding detection method under UL1741 anti-islanding test is evaluated, and its sensitivity to noise, grid short-circuit ratio, grid voltage imbalance, and deviations in the UL1741 test parameters are presented. The studies show that based on negative-sequence current injection of about 2% to 3%, islanding can be detected within 60 ms even for the worst case scenario.

This paper presents a new control strategy for islanded (autonomous) operation of an electronically-coupled Distributed Generation (DG) unit and its local load. The DG unit utilizes a Voltage-Sourced Converter (VSC) as the coupling medium. In a grid-connected mode, based on the conventional dq-current control strategy, the VSC controls real-and reactive-power components of the DG unit. Subsequent to an islanding detection and confirmation, the dq-current controller is disabled and the proposed controller activated. The proposed controller utilizes (i) an internal oscillator for frequency control and (ii) a voltage feedback signal to regulate the island voltage. Despite uncertainty of load parameters, the proposed controller guarantees robust stability and prespecified performance criteria, e.g. fast transient response and zero steady-state error. Performance of the proposed controller, based on time-domain simulation studies in the PSCAD/EMTDC software environment, is also presented.©2008 IEEE.

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This paper proposes a new control strategy for the islanded operation of a multi-bus medium voltage (MV) microgrid. The microgrid consists of several dispatchable electronically-coupled distributed generation (DG) units. Each DG unit supplies a local load which can be unbalanced due to the inclusion of singlephase loads. The proposed control strategy of each DG comprises a proportional resonance (PR) controller with an adjustable resonance frequency, a droop control strategy, and a negative-sequence impedance controller (NSIC). The PR and droop controllers are, respectively, used to regulate the load voltage and share the average power components among the DG units. The NSIC is used to effectively compensate the negative-sequence currents of the unbalanced loads and to improve the performance of the overall microgrid system. Moreover, the NSIC minimizes the negative-sequence currents in the MV lines and thus, improving the power quality of the microgrid. The performance of the proposed control strategy is verified by using digital time-domain simulation studies in the PSCAD/EMTDC software environment.

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This paper proposes a hierarchical active power management strategy for a medium voltage (MV) islanded microgrid including a multihybrid power conversion system (MHPCS). To guarantee excellent power management, a modular power conversion system is realized by parallel connection of small MHPCS units. The hybrid system includes fuel cells (FC) as main and supercapacitors (SC) as complementary power sources. The SC energy storage compensates the slow transient response of the FC stack and supports the FC to meet the grid power demand. The proposed control strategy of the MHPCS comprises three control loops; dc-link voltage controller, power management controller, and load current sharing controller. Each distributed generation (DG) unit uses an adaptive proportional resonance (PR) controller for regulating the load voltage, and a droop control strategy for average power sharing among the DG units. The performance of the proposed control strategy is verified by using digital time-domain simulation studies in the PSCAD/EMTDC software environment. Index Terms-Fuel cell (FC), multihybrid power conversion system (MHPCS), MV microgrid, supercapacitor (SC).