Effects of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) packaging and nano-structured silverpolyethylene (PE/Ag2O) packaging on the overall sensory quality, color, weight and solute loss of fresh-cut apples stored at 5 and 15C were studied in this research. Results showed that, compared with normal LDPE packaging, the PE/Ag2O packaging helped to maintain the freshness of apple slices. Nano-structured PE/Ag2O bag delayed apple browning and decreased the weight loss of apple slices during storage. In addition, it can also prevent apple slices from microbial spoilage. As a result, the quality of apple slices saved at 5C in PE/Ag2O bag was acceptable in 12 days, while those held in LDPE bag showed some deterioration in 6 days. Furthermore, considering the potential health risk resulting from silver leak, the safety of PE/Ag2O bag was evaluated, and the result indicated an acceptable safety for food packaging. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSTypes of nano-structured bags are recently commercialized for food packaging in many countries, but few documents report their performance in quality maintenance. This study indicates that nano-structured PE/Ag2O bag is effective in maintaining the freshness of apple slices with extended shelf-life. Results of this work may be useful for promoting the acceptance and application of similar nano-packaging in the quality maintenance of fresh-cut products.
Implantable drug-delivery microsystems have the capacity to locally meet therapeutic requirements by maximizing local drug efficacy and minimizing potential side effects. The internal organs of the human body including the esophagus, gastrointestinal tract, and respiratory tract, with anfractuos contours, all manifest with endoluminal lesions often located in a curved or zigzag area. The ability of localized drug delivery for these organs using existing therapeutic modalities is limited. Spraying a drug onto these areas and using the adhesion and water absorption properties of the drug powder to attach to lesion areas can provide effective treatment. This study aimed to report the development and application of microsystems based on microshockwave delivery of drugs. The devices comprised a warhead-like shell with a powder placed at the head of the device and a flexible rod that could be inserted at the tail. These devices had the capacity to deposit drugs on mucous membranes in curved or zigzag areas of organs in the body. The explosive impact characteristics of the device during drug delivery were analyzed by numerical simulation. In the experiment of drug delivery in pig intestines, we described the biosafety and drug delivery capacity of the system. We anticipate that such microsystems could be applied to a range of endoluminal diseases in curved or zigzag regions of the human body while maximizing the on-target effects of drugs.
To adapt to a complex and variable environment, self-adaptive camouflage technology is becoming more and more important in all kinds of military applications by overcoming the weakness of the static camouflage. In nature, the chameleon can achieve self-adaptive camouflage by changing its skin color in real time with the change of the background color. To imitate the chameleon skin, a camouflaged film controlled by a color-changing microfluidic system is proposed in this paper. The film with microfluidic channels fabricated by soft materials can achieve dynamic cloaking and camouflage by circulating color liquids through channels inside the film. By sensing and collecting environmental color change information, the control signal of the microfluidic system can be adjusted in real time to imitate chameleon skin. The microstructure of the film and the working principle of the microfluidic color-changing system are introduced. The mechanism to generate the control signal by information processing of background colors is illustrated. "Canny" double-threshold edge detection algorithm and color similarity are used to analyze and evaluate the camouflage. The tested results show that camouflaged images have a relatively high compatibility with environmental backgrounds and the dynamic cloaking effect can be achieved.
Detonation waves released by energetic materials provide an important means of physical self-destruction (Psd) for information storage chips (ISCs) in the information insurance field and offer advantages that include a rapid response and low driving energy. The high electrical sensitivity of energetic materials means that they are easily triggered by leakage currents and electrostatic forces. Therefore, a Psd module based on a graphene-based insurance actuator heterogeneously integrated with energetic materials is proposed. First, the force–balance relation between the electrostatic van der Waals force and the elastic recovery force of the insurance actuator’s graphene electrode is established to realize physical isolation and an electrical interconnection between the energetic materials and the peripheral electrical systems. Second, a numerical analysis of the detonation wave stress of the energetic materials in the air domain is performed, and the copper azide dosage required to achieve reliable ISC Psd is obtained. Third, the insurance actuator is prepared via graphene thin film processing and copper azide is prepared via an in situ reaction. The experimental results show that the energetic materials proposed can release physical isolation within 14 μs and can achieve ISC Psd under the application of a voltage signal (4.4–4.65 V). Copper azide (0.45–0.52 mg) can achieve physical damage over an ISC area (23.37–35.84 mm2) within an assembly gap (0.05–0.25 mm) between copper azide and ISC. The proposed method has high applicability for information insurance.
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