U‐Th dating of carbonate veins in connection with active tectonics has recently been used as an attractive tool for constraining the absolute timing of late Quaternary crustal deformations. In this study, for the first time we correlate U‐Th ages of travertine deposits in coseismic fissures along the North Anatolian Fault Zone with records of paleoseismological studies supported by historical earthquake catalogued data. U‐Th ages are assessed in relation to the recurrence interval and the size and epicenter distance of major Holocene earthquakes. Our statistical evaluations on age correlations indicate that the carbonate vein precipitation is concentrated in eight different periods along the North Anatolian Fault Zone. The periods are well correlated with historical earthquake records and with previous dating results of the nearby trench studies. At least six of the periods correspond to the earthquakes reported in the historical catalogues. The age correlations of carbonate precipitation intervals for the last millennium show a recurrence along the eastern North Anatolian Fault Zone with a mode at 130–330 years that is consistent with a previously proposed paleoseismic recurrence interval of the fault. Recorded events in carbonate veins indicate a close‐epicenter (d < 200 km) and high‐intensity (I > VI) paleoearthquakes. Our results suggest that coseismic carbonate veins could be used to determine paleoseismic records as a supplementary tool to augment paleoseismological techniques. This tool has advantages over traditional paleoseismological methods for the understanding of long‐term earthquake behavior, particularly for prehistoric late Pleistocene events which cannot be dated easily by traditional paleoseismological methods.
The main goal of 3D modeling studies in the mining sector is to address the complex geological, mineralogical, and structural factors in subsurface environments and detect the ore zone(s). In order to solve this complexity, use of quality data (e.g., a wide range of boreholes at regular intervals) is necessary. However, this situation is not always possible because of certain restrictions such as intensive vegetation, high slope areas, and some economic constraints. At the same time, with the development of computer technology, the unused and/or insufficiently considered data need to be gathered and reviewed. This assessment may lead to the detection of potential new zone(s) and/or could prevent unnecessary costs. In this study, the target area that was chosen had inadequate and unusable data, and we used the data as effectively as possible. The Handeresi area is located in the Biga Peninsula of northwestern Turkey. In this area, the Pb-Zn-Cu occurrences take place in carbonate levels of metamorphic rocks or at the fractures and cracks of other metamorphic rocks. The area is being explored actively now. In this study, using the borehole data, we attempted to model the subsurface of this area in 3D using commercial RockWorks2006® software. As a result, there were 3 ore zones that were seen intensively in this area. One of them indicates the area in which the adits are now operating. The others could be new potential zones.
U-Th dating of carbonate veins in connection with active tectonics has recently been used as an attractive tool for constraining the absolute timing of late Quaternary crustal deformations. In this study, for the first time we correlate U-Th ages of travertine deposits in co-seismic fissures along the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) with records of Paleoseismological studies supported by Historical Earthquake catalogued data. U-Th ages are assed in relation to the recurrence interval and the size and epicentre distance of major Holocene earthquakes. Our statistical evaluations on age correlations indicate that the carbonate vein precipitation is concentrated in eight different periods along the NAFZ. The periods are well correlated with historical earthquake records and with previous dating results of the nearby trench studies. At least six of the periods correspond to the earthquakes reported in the historical catalogues. The age correlations of carbonate precipitation intervals for the last millennium show a recurrence along the eastern NAFZ with a mode at 130–330 years that is consistent with a previously proposed paleoseismic recurrence interval of the fault. Recorded events in carbonate veins indicate a close-epicentre (<200 km) and high-intensity (>VI) paleo earthquakes. Our results suggest that co-seismic carbonate veins could be used to determine paleoseismic records as a supplementary tool to augment paleoseismological techniques. This tool has advantages over traditional paleoseismological methods for the understanding of long-term earthquake behaviour, particularly for prehistoric late Pleistocene events which cannot be dated easily by traditional paleoseismological methods.
Three main Pb-Zn ± Cu deposits (Handeresi, Bağırkaçdere, and Fırıncıkdere) occur south of Kalkım in the southeastern part of the Biga Peninsula (NW Turkey). Massive and disseminated Pb-Zn mineralization consists of ore veins in fault zones and replacement bodies in carbonate layers in metamorphic rocks. Garnet (~Ad 64 Gr 36 ), pyroxene (~Di 30 Hd 45 Jo 25 ), epidote and rare tremolite-actinolite are found as gangue minerals in ore zones. The garnets often show oscillatory zoning and correspond to grossular, andradite and grandite in composition. The pyroxene minerals are manganiferous hedenbergite, johannsenite and diopside. The Mn/Fe ratios of the pyroxene range between 0.3 and 0.9 (mean 0.5). Such compositions of the garnet and pyroxene and gangue assemblages are typical of distal Pb-Zn skarns. The ore minerals are pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena, magnetite, hematite, and arsenopyrite. Taken together, the Oligo-Miocene magmatism in the area is taken responsible for the polymetallic mineralization. However, the metamorphic rocks and their protoliths may have contributed part of the lead.
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