This is one of the first studies following any recent political movement (e.g., The Arab Spring) to quantify distress and the associated correlates of distress among affected citizens. Perceived psychosocial resource losses were critical predictors of poor outcomes.
The levels of post-stress recovery from anxiety symptoms could depend on concurrent increases in positive affect and mindfulness, whereas the levels of post-stress decline in cortisol secretion could depend on increases in mindfulness both during and after stress. Directions for translating the present findings into stress management programmes in college settings are discussed.
Introduction: Perceived loneliness and depression are risk factors threatening mental well-being of older people. Yet, hardiness, a modifiable internal resource that supports functional resilience, may enhance the capacity of adjusting to challenges arising from age-related physical and psychosocial changes. Hence, hardiness can be a protective factor of mental health. This study examined the role of hardiness in the relationship between perceived loneliness and depressive symptoms among older people in Hong Kong. Methods: 424 Cantonese-speaking Chinese participants, aged 60 years or above, completed a selfreported questionnaire set related to perceived loneliness, hardiness, and depressive symptoms. Structural equation modeling was used to test the proposed model. Results: Results revealed that hardiness partially mediated the positive association between perceived loneliness and depressive symptoms [b ¼ .18, p < .001, BC 95% CI (.10, .27)] with good data-model fit [v 2 (32) ¼ 36.34, p ¼ .27; CFI ¼ .998; TLI ¼ .997; RMSEA ¼ .018; SRMR ¼ .022]. Conclusion: Older people with higher level of perceived loneliness reported less hardiness. Lower levels of hardiness, in turn, correlated with increased self-reported depressive symptoms. The potential benefits of hardiness for promoting mental health of older people was discussed.
Relatively little is known about the emotional processes underlying the association between adult attachment styles and psychological distress. This study aims to examine the role of contentment in terms of intensity and duration in the positive associations between anxious and avoidant attachment styles and psychological distress. A sample of 284 Chinese university students completed a self-reported questionnaire on attachment styles, intensity and duration of contentment, and anxiety and depressive symptoms. Structural equation modeling revealed that duration of contentment mediated the positive associations of anxious attachment style with anxiety symptoms [β = 0.05, p = 0.004; BC 95% CI (0.02,0.11)] and depressive symptoms [β = 0.04, p = 0.03; BC 95% CI (0.003,0.09)], model fit: χ2(259) = 455.06, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.95, TLI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.05, SRMR = 0.07. Participants with higher anxious attachment style were more likely to report shorter duration of contentment, which was, in turn, associated with higher anxiety and depressive symptoms. The results suggest a positive emotional pathway underlying the association between anxious attachment style and psychological distress. Implications based on the findings are discussed.
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