Purpose: To analyze the difference between nonsmokers and smokers on the changes in the perceptions of smell and taste and to verify the influence of these aspects in the emergence of compensatory movements during swallowing. Methods: To evaluate these aspects, capabilities of olfactory and gustatory recognition were observed, as well as the compensation swallowing. Twenty-four patients were evaluated in each study group aged from 18 years, grouped in a stratified way. The olfactory evaluation consisted in presenting seven essences and one of three options should be chosen. For the taste test, 16 flavors were offered in a non-sequential and decreasing way in amount of solute. Swallowing solid and liquid was evaluated, in which aspects of compensation perioral muscles were observed. Results: Worst performance in olfactory and gustatory tests among smokers (p≤0.01) was found. Through the results of χ2 and Fisher's exact tests, it was found that the contraction of the mentalis muscle is less observed in non-smokers, and smokers have an average degree of statistically significant change compared to nonsmokers. Furthermore, through the Spearman correlation coefficient, it was found that the worsening in the sensory tests implies increased compensation during swallowing in smokers. Conclusion: These data allowed us to verify that the sensory changes have influence on swallowing pattern, indicating that these changes are aspects that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of changes in swallowing.
Impulsionadas pela globalização, empresas transnacionais, instaladas no Brasil, estão colaborando para a formação de um novo perfil profissional para executivos brasileiros. As mudanças que derivam deste cenário passam a exigir dos profissionais conhecimentos e aptidões diferenciadas para a atuação no ambiente atual de negócios. O presente estudo busca traçar o perfil ideal do executivo em face das exigências do mercado globalizado, destacando-se os principais atributos que este profissional deve apresentar, segundo a visão de profissionais decisores das 500 maiores empresas do ranking da revista Exame (1997). Realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva, a partir de duas etapas: uma exploratória, na qual se geraram os atributos a serem avaliados e uma quantitativa, para a mensuração do grau de importância de cada indicador arrolado. Os atributos referentes ao perfil do executivo no mercado considerados mais importantes são: integridade, visão estratégica, liderança, conhecimento das operações da empresa, capacidade de decisão, negociação e coordenação de trabalhos em equipe, foco nos resultados, ética no trato das questões profissionais e sociais, motivação, pró-atividade e habilidade para o trato interpessoal.
Objective: To evaluate the clinical and functional outcomes from patients undergoing surgery to treat hip fractures, with regard to the ASA score and time spent waiting for definitive surgical treatment. Method: Over a one-year period, 154 patients with hip fractures, aged 65 years and over, underwent operations. Data on the preoperative ASA score and the time spent waiting for the operation were obtained. Two years after the operation, Zuckerman‘s Functional Recovery Score (FRS) questionnaire was used to assess the patients' current functional capacity. Results: Mortality during the first postoperative year differed between patients with ASA 3 or 4 and those classified as ASA 1 or 2 (significant data; p < 0.05). Mortality up to the end of the second postoperative year was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the ASA 3 or 4 group. The preoperative ASA score did not demonstrate any significant relationship with the patients' current functional capacity (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference between the group operated within 48 hours of admission and the group operated after 48 hours, in relation to mortality or current functional capacity (p > 0.05). The group aged 80 years and over showed significantly higher mortality (p < 0.05) than the group aged 65 to 79 years up to the end of the second postoperative year. Conclusion: The preoperative ASA score and an age of 80 years or over may be considered to be factors associated with higher mortality two years after hip fracture surgery. In isolation, time spent waiting for surgery was not significant.
In studies on tourism and hospitality, the sustainable aspect has been continuously treated. A current approach that expands the concept of sustainability is the circular economy, considered a closed economic model that aims to maintain the most significant utility and value of products, components, and materials at all times. This issue has been addressed not only in the productive sphere but also in the area of services. In this sense, the objective of this research was to understand how the circular economy is being treated in the tourism and hospitality sectors. A review of published articles accessed across four databases—Spell, CAPES Portal, SciELO, and Web of Science—was carried out. The main results indicate that studies in this area are still incipient, with a greater number of publications starting in 2019; European studies prevail; the publications are still theoretical, with little empirical research; and address the benefits of the circular economy, and the economic, social, and environmental aspects.
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