Palavras-chave: estresse hídrico, adensamento, competição intraespecífica. OLIVEIRA, S. R. M. de; ANDRADE JÚNIOR, A. S. de; RIBEIRO, V. Q.; BRITO, R. R. de; CARVALHO, M. W. INTERACTION BETWEEN LEVELS OF WATER AND PLANT DENSITY ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF COWPEA IN TERESINA, PI ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of levels of water, plant density and their interaction on growth (dry matter and leaf area) and yield of cowpea (Vigna
RESUMOO conhecimento sobre a demanda hídrica das espécies vegetais, cultivadas em sistema monocultivo e/ou consorciado, é essencial para que se mantenham os níveis de água no solo em condições de atendimento às suas necessidades hídricas. O trabalho teve por objetivo determinar os coeficientes de cultura (Kc's) do cultivar de algodão herbáceo (Gossypium hirsutum L.), BRS Camaçari e do cultivar de feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), BRS Guariba, em sistemas monocultivo e consorciado e em seus diversos estádios de desenvolvimento. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental da Embrapa MeioNorte, em Teresina, PI. Em sistema monocultivo, os Kc's médios encontrados para o algodão herbáceo apresentam valores de 0,39 a 1,16, com o valor máximo aos 57 dias após a semeadura. O Kc do algodão, em consórcio com o feijão-caupi, apresenta o valor mínimo de 0,53 e máximo de 1,34, aos 55 dias após a semeadura. O feijão-caupi, em monocultivo, apresenta valor mínimo de Kc igual a 0,45 e máximo de 1,13, aos 50 dias após a semeadura. Palavras-chave:Gossypium hirsutum, Vigna unguiculata, Curva de Kc. CROP COEFFICIENTS OF COTTON AND COWPEA IN MONO AND INTERCROPPING SYSTEMS ABSTRACTThe knowledge on water demand of the cultures is essential to remain the levels of water in the soil in conditions of attending to the water needs of crops, cultivated in monoculture * Autora para correspondência.
The determination of crop coefficient (Kc) values during the crop development cycle is essential to obtain the water requirements for the culture. The present study aimed to determine the evapotraspiration and Kc on Shadow, Top Gun and Crimson Sweet watermelon cultivars, during different stages of development using the method of soil water balance. The experiment was conducted at Embrapa Meio Norte in Teresina, PI, experimental field, from August to October, 2010. The evapotranspiration reference was estimated by Penman-Monteith, based on meteorological data obtained by an automatic weather station. According to the results, the ETc was 224.4 mm, corresponding to an average of 3.8 mm day-1. The higher water demand was 5.5 mm day-1, obtained at the intermediate phenological stage. The Kc values were 0.39, 0.80, 1.14, 0.59 (Crimson Sweet), 0.35, 0.72, 1.20, 0.30 (Top gun) and 0.34, 0.58, 0.89, 0.55 (Shadow), for initial, growth, intermediate and final phases, respectively.
In tropical and semi-arid regions of Brazil, phosphorus is one of the most limiting elements of cowpea productivity. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of applying five phosphorus doses in the soil on morpho-physiological and production components in three improved cultivars of cowpea. The experiment was carried out at the São Fernando farm located in José de Freitas, PI, Brazil, in a Plinthosol with a low phosphorus content. The experimental design was complete randomized block design with four replications in a 5 × 3 factorial scheme consisting of five phosphorus doses (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg P2O5 ha−1) and three improved cowpea cultivars (BRS Guariba, BRS Tumucumaque, and BRS Cauamé). No interaction was observed between cultivars and phosphorus doses for any of the assessed variables. The cultivar BRS Tumucumaque showed the highest value for one-hundred-grain weight (21.0 g) and, together with BRS Guariba, the highest value of pod length. An increment was observed in growth (stem diameter, main branch length, leaf area, and shoot dry matter) and production characteristics (number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, one-hundred-grain weight, and grain production per plant) in response to increases in phosphorus doses. The dose of 183.1 kg P2O5 ha−1 provided the maximum technical grain yield, estimated at 2,023.3 kg ha−1.
Dentre aspectos mais importantes para o sucesso da agricultura irrigada destaca-se o manejo da água aplicada. No mercado existe uma diversidade de metodologias e instrumentos para tal fim, entretanto, o monitoramento do nível de água no solo utilizando o tensiômetro tem se mostrado eficaz. Nesse trabalho foram avaliados dois métodos de manejo da irrigação, um baseado na tensão da água no solo e o outro com base na depleção da água disponível, com o objetivo de verificar qual deles promove maior produtividade de grãos para a cultura do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) em um solo de textura arenosa. Os tratamentos foram compostos por cinco níveis de tensão (-30, -40, -50, -60 e -70 kPa) e cinco níveis de depleção (30, 40, 50, 60 e 70% da AD), com quatro repetições delineados em blocos casualizados. O experimento foi desenvolvido em ambiente protegido no Departamento de Solos e Recursos Ambientais (UNESP/FCA), Botucatu -SP. Avaliou-se os parâmetros: Número de vagens por planta (NVP); Produção de vagens por planta (PVP, g); Comprimento da vagem (COMPV, cm); Número de grãos por vagem (NGV); Peso de grãos por vagem (PGV, g); Peso de 100 grãos (P100G, g) e Produção de grãos (PG, g planta -1 ). Não foram evidenciadas diferenças significativas entre os métodos de irrigação, entretanto, as maiores produtividades de grãos de feijão ocorreram para a tensão de -30 kPa, resultando em 12,10 g planta -1 e 11,04 g planta -1 para 40% da AD. Palavras-chave:Phaseolus vulgaris L., tensão, depleção, componentes de produção. BRITO, R. R. de; GRASSI FILHO, H.; SAAD, J. C. C.; RIBEIRO, V. Q.; OLIVEIRA, S. R. M. MANAGEMENT CRITERIA FOR BEAN IRRIGATION IN SANDY TEXTURE SOIL ABSTRACTOne of the most important contributors to the success of irrigated agriculture is an efficient management of water applied by irrigation. Several methodologies and tools exist in the market for that purpose, however, monitoring the soil water level using tensiometers has proved to be effective. This study evaluated two methods of irrigation management, one based on soil water tension and the other on depletion of available water. The objective was to evaluate
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