Este artículo trata sobre la construcción de la idea imperial de Carlos V y de Felipe II a partir de las concepciones del poder desarrolladas por Dante Alighieri en su Monarchia, y retomadas por Mercurino Arborio di Gattinara, el genuino gran canciller de Carlos V. Paralelamente, el artículo revisa la evolución y expansión de los derechos de Patronazgo desde la época de los Reyes Católicos hasta finales del siglo XVI, para argumentar que la Corona castellana acabó por asumir rasgos cesaropapistas no muy distintos de los del sistema eclesial anglicano.
Franciscan Order stands as a central topic in the sixteenth century Spanish colonial history. Leaders of the spiritual conquest and early settlers of Mexico, Franciscans were among the first that recognized the importance of the New World recently discovered. Among them, fray Gerónimo de Mendieta is globally renowned as one of the most important personalities of his epoch. His works-several cartas, relaciones, and a complete and extensive chronicle-are considered an indispensable source of information. My essay will investigate how Mendieta and his writings were gradually discovered and then incorporated in the larger framework of the sixteenth century history. I will start from what I consider a Bfirst tradition^of studies that runs from the publication of his works in the late eighteenth century until the first half of the nineteenth. I will continue with a Bsecond tradition^that stressed Franciscan mysticism and outlined Mendieta's role in shaping a BMillenarian Kingdom^of Franciscans in the New World. I will then investigate a third generation of scholars that criticized this latter configuration, and I will end by briefly presenting my own reflection about Mendieta and his works.
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