Background Previous studies have stated that hyperventilation often occurs in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) mainly due to excessive ventilation frequencies, especially when a manual valve bag is used. Transport ventilators may provide mandatory ventilation with predetermined tidal volumes and without the risk of hyperventilation. Nonetheless, interactions between chest compressions and ventilations are likely to occur. We investigated whether transport ventilators can provide adequate alveolar ventilation during continuous chest compression in adult CPR. Methods A three-period crossover study with three common transport ventilators in a cadaver model of CPR was carried out. The three ventilators ‘MEDUMAT Standard²’, ‘Oxylog 3000 plus’, and ‘Monnal T60’ represent three different interventions, providing volume-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (VC-CMV) via an endotracheal tube with a tidal volume of 6 mL/kg predicted body weight. Proximal airflow was measured, and the net tidal volume was derived for each respiratory cycle. The deviation from the predetermined tidal volume was calculated and analysed. Several mixed linear models were calculated with the cadaver as a random factor and ventilator, height, sex, crossover period and incremental number of each ventilation within the period as covariates to evaluate differences between ventilators. Results Overall median deviation of net tidal volume from predetermined tidal volume was − 21.2 % (IQR: 19.6, range: [− 87.9 %; 25.8 %]) corresponding to a tidal volume of 4.75 mL/kg predicted body weight (IQR: 1.2, range: [0.7; 7.6]). In a mixed linear model, the ventilator model, the crossover period, and the cadaver’s height were significant factors for decreased tidal volume. The estimated effects of tidal volume deviation for each ventilator were − 14.5 % [95 %-CI: −22.5; −6.5] (p = 0.0004) for ‘Monnal T60’, − 30.6 % [95 %-CI: −38.6; −22.6] (p < 0.0001) for ‘Oxylog 3000 plus’ and − 31.0 % [95 %-CI: −38.9; −23.0] (p < 0.0001) for ‘MEDUMAT Standard²’. Conclusions All investigated transport ventilators were able to provide alveolar ventilation even though chest compressions considerably decreased tidal volumes. Our results support the concept of using ventilators to avoid excessive ventilatory rates in CPR. This experimental study suggests that healthcare professionals should carefully monitor actual tidal volumes to recognise the occurrence of hypoventilation during continuous chest compressions.

Background Haemoadsorption has been described as an effective way to control increased pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators (“cytokine storm”) in septic shock patients. No prospective or randomised clinical study has yet confirmed these results. However, no study has yet prospectively specifically investigated patients in severe septic shock with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI). Therefore, we aimed to examine whether haemoadsorption could influence intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital mortality in these patients. Furthermore, we examined the influence of haemoadsorption on length of stay in the ICU and therapeutic support. Methods Retrospective control group and prospective intervention group design in a tertiary hospital in central Europe (Germany). Intervention was the implementation of haemoadsorption for patients in septic shock with SA-AKI. 76 patients were included in this analysis. Results Severity of illness as depicted by APACHE II was higher in patients treated with haemoadsorption. Risk-adjusted ICU mortality rates (O/E ratios) did not differ significantly between the groups (0.80 vs. 0.83). We observed in patients treated with haemoadsorption a shorter LOS and shorter therapeutic support such as catecholamine dependency and duration of RRT. However, in multivariate analysis (logistic regression for mortality, competing risk for LOS), we found no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusions The implementation of haemoadsorption for patients in septic shock with acute renal failure did not lead to a reduction in ICU or hospital mortality rates. Despite univariate analysis delivering some evidence for a shorter duration of ICU-related treatments in the haemoadsorption group, these results did not remain significant in multivariate analysis. Trial registration CytoSorb® registry https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02312024. December 9, 2014. Database: https://www.cytosorb-registry.org/ (registration for content acquisition is necessary)

Purpose: Cervical traumas are frequent in emergency department and X-ray, CT, and MRI are the essential imaging modalities in the diagnosis. However, especially for pregnant and morbid obese patients and children, these techniques can be challenging. We tested the success of point-of-care ultrasound in the evaluation of cervical traumas. Methods: This is a case series of cervical vertebra imaging with ultrasound in emergency department. We used linear probe and placed it anterolaterally to the neck, parallel to cervical spine. Images were obtained by an ultrasound-certified emergency physician. The height of the anterior wall of vertebral body, irregularity in vertebral body, and intervertebral space were assessed. Results: We presented a case series of six patients. Ultrasound images of cervical vertebral bodies and intervertebral spaces were able to obtain for all the patients. Any pathology was not observed in ultrasound imaging. This finding was compatible with cervical X-ray and CT scans and all the patients were discharged. Conclusions: However, this is a case series report of minor cervical trauma, and we were able to obtain ultrasound images of cervical vertebra bodies with point-of-care ultrasound examination by an emergency physician. This technique can be important for the patients contraindicated to CT or MRI. Also, it can give additional information to X-ray and CT scans especially for soft tissues. A2 A new technique in verifying the placement of a nasogastric tube: obtaining the longitudinal view of nasogastric tube in addition to transverse view with ultrasound

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Die stetig wachsende Zahl der Notarztanforderungen und der geringe Anteil indizierter Einsätze führen zum Attraktivitätsverlust des Notarztdienstes, was sich vielerorts bereits durch nichtbesetzbare Notarztdienste bemerkbar macht. Vorliegende retrospektive Analyse evaluiert die Häufigkeit notärztlicher und medizinischer Maßnahmen in einem bodengebundenen Notarztsystem. Methode Retrospektive Analyse anonymisierter Daten aus der Datenbank des Notarztstützpunkts LKH Univ.-Klinikum Graz. Die von Notärztinnen und Notärzten zwischen 2010 und 2018 absolvierten Einsätze wurden extrahiert, durchgeführte Maßnahmen evaluiert und je nach Schwierigkeitsgrad in 3 Kategorien aufgeschlüsselt: spezifische notärztliche Maßnahmen (Kategorie I), allgemein-medizinische Maßnahmen (Kategorie II), keine ärztliche Tätigkeit (Kategorie III). Die Häufigkeiten des Auftretens dieser Kategorien zwischen den Jahren wurden verglichen und Inzidenzen einzelner Maßnahmen pro 100.000 Einwohner errechnet. Ergebnisse Im Beobachtungszeitraum wurden 15.409 Primäreinsätze und 322 Sekundärtransporte extrahiert und analysiert. Die jährliche Einsatzrate stieg beinahe kontinuierlich von 1442 Einsätzen 2010 auf 2301 Einsätze 2018. Bei 3687 (23,4 %) Stornierungen kam es zu 12.044 Patientenkontakten. Insgesamt wurden 2842 (18 %) Einsätze der Kategorie I, 7371 (47 %) Einsätze der Kategorie II sowie 5518 (35 %) Einsätze der Kategorie III verzeichnet. Die Häufigkeit für notärztliche Maßnahmen kann daher auf 157/100.000 Einwohner, die medizinischer Maßnahmen auf 409/100.000 Einwohner geschätzt werden. Schlussfolgerung In einem Großteil aller Alarmierungen ist keine spezifisch notärztliche Maßnahme erforderlich. Somit erscheint das aktuelle Modell der präklinischen Versorgung nicht patientenorientiert und effizient. Der niedrige Anteil kritisch kranker bzw. schwer verletzter Patientinnen und Patienten führt bereits merkbar zum Attraktivitätsverlust bei den Notärzten und auch zu einer drohenden Qualitätsproblematik durch zu geringe Einsatzerfahrung und fehlendem Training.