The effects of banana resistant starch (BRS) on obesity-related metabolic and intestinal flora were investigated in a high-fat diet-induced obesity model. After 6 weeks of intervention, the glucolipid metabolism index [blood glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C)], hormone index [leptin (LEP), insulin (INS), ghrelin, adiponectin (ADP), and thyroxine (T4)], and 16S rRNA sequencing analyses were performed for each group to explore the regulating effect of intestinal flora and the mechanism of weight loss in obese rats. The results showed that (1) BRS intervention significantly reduced the levels of GLU, TG, TC, LDL-C, LEP, and INS (p < 0.01) and increased the contents of ghrelin (p < 0.05) and ADP (p < 0.01). (2) BRS could improve the diversity of intestinal flora and regulate the overall structure of intestinal microorganisms, mainly by upregulating the Bacteroides/Firmicutes ratio and the relative abundance of Cyanobacteria and downregulating the relative abundances of Deferribacteres and Tenericutes (at the phylum level). BRS could inhibit the proliferation of Turicibacter, Romboutsia, and Oligella and increase the abundances of Bacteroides, Ruminococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae (at the genus level). (3) Some significant correlations were observed between the gut microbiota and biomarkers. Turicibacter, Romboutsia, and Oligella were positively correlated with GLU, TG, TC, LEP, and INS and negatively correlated with ghrelin and ADP. Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, and Akkermansia were negatively correlated with GLU, TG, and TC. Conclusion: BRS had promising effects on weight loss, which could be associated with the improvement in host metabolism by regulating intestinal flora.
In this work, the occurrence of 34 common antibiotic (15 sulfonamides and 19 quinolones) residues were evaluated in 236 ready‐to‐eat duck eggs (salted and preserved duck eggs) marketed through e‐commerce stores by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, and subsequent dietary risk assessments for Chinese consumers were conducted. Among violated positives in duck egg samples, 11 analytes were found including sulfamethazine, sulfaquinoxaline, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, sulfamonomethoxine, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, ofloxacin, flumequine, sarafloxacin, and nalidixic acid. A higher number of antibiotics were detected in salted duck eggs (five sulfonamides and six quinolones) than in preserved duck eggs (one sulfonamide and two quinolones). The maximum contamination of sulfonamides and quniolones was 448.0 µg/kg (sulfaquinoxaline) and 563.7 µg/kg (enrofloxacin) in salted duck eggs, respectively. Dietary exposure was evaluated through the estimated daily intake (EDI) of risky antibiotics (sulfamethazine, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin) and hazard quotients (HQs). The results showed that EDIs and HQs were in the range of 0.0004 to 0.0099 µg/kg bw/day and 0.0009 to 0.1594%, respectively. The risk was low since HQs obtained were less than 100%. However, a special attention should be paid to ready‐to‐eat duck egg products high percentile consumers with the prosperity of e‐commerce market in China. Practical Application The present analytical method could be used for multiresidue determination of antibiotics in ready‐to‐eat duck eggs, and dietary risk assessments of risky antibiotics provided a support for the work of regulatory bodies to conduct surveillance programs regarding food safety evaluation of ready‐to‐eat foods.
24 The effects of banana powder(BP), konjac powder(KP), resistant dextrin(RD), corn 25 starch(CS) and L-carnitine(LC) on gut microbiota and metabolites (SCFA) were 26 evaluated in order to provide basic data for the development of weight-loss functional 27 food. The gut microbiota profile using 16S V4 rDNA high-throughput sequencing 28 technique suggested that the rats of RD, BP and CS group developed an increased 29 richness and diversity in the gut bacterial community, while the abundance of the KP 30 and LC group was not enhanced obviously. Verrucomicrobiaceae, Coprococcus-2 31 and Lachnospiraceae were the main bacterial genera in the CS, BP and RD group 32 respectively, indicating their potential use as prebiotics. On the other hand, rats fed 33 with BP, KP, CS and RD contributed higher total SCFA than those feeding with LC 34 diet. Thus, RD, BP, CS, KP could moduate gut microbiota and increase the SCFA 35 concentration, while the effect of LC are not apparent. 36 Keywords 37 five products, gut microbiota, short chain fatty acids. 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 3 45
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