Multiresidue determination of antibiotics in ready‐to‐eat duck eggs marketed through e‐commerce stores in China and subsequent assessment of dietary risks to consumers

Abstract

In this work, the occurrence of 34 common antibiotic (15 sulfonamides and 19 quinolones) residues were evaluated in 236 ready‐to‐eat duck eggs (salted and preserved duck eggs) marketed through e‐commerce stores by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, and subsequent dietary risk assessments for Chinese consumers were conducted. Among violated positives in duck egg samples, 11 analytes were found including sulfamethazine, sulfaquinoxaline, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, sulfamonomethoxine, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, ofloxacin, flumequine, sarafloxacin, and nalidixic acid. A higher number of antibiotics were detected in salted duck eggs (five sulfonamides and six quinolones) than in preserved duck eggs (one sulfonamide and two quinolones). The maximum contamination of sulfonamides and quniolones was 448.0 µg/kg (sulfaquinoxaline) and 563.7 µg/kg (enrofloxacin) in salted duck eggs, respectively. Dietary exposure was evaluated through the estimated daily intake (EDI) of risky antibiotics (sulfamethazine, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin) and hazard quotients (HQs). The results showed that EDIs and HQs were in the range of 0.0004 to 0.0099 µg/kg bw/day and 0.0009 to 0.1594%, respectively. The risk was low since HQs obtained were less than 100%. However, a special attention should be paid to ready‐to‐eat duck egg products high percentile consumers with the prosperity of e‐commerce market in China. Practical Application The present analytical method could be used for multiresidue determination of antibiotics in ready‐to‐eat duck eggs, and dietary risk assessments of risky antibiotics provided a support for the work of regulatory bodies to conduct surveillance programs regarding food safety evaluation of ready‐to‐eat foods.

Simultaneous Determination of Ciprofloxacin and Ofloxacin in Animal Tissues with the Use of Capillary Electrophoresis with Transient Pseudo-Isotachophoresis

“…The LOQ values (0.45 mAU) were 0.27 ppm (0.8 nmol/g) for Cpx and 0.11 ppm (0.3 nmol/g) for Ofx, respectively. The LOQs of the developed method are lower than for CE-DAD procedure [19] (for Cpx 0.098 mg/kg (0.3 µmol/g) and for Ofx 0.090 mg/kg (0.25 µmol/g)), similar to HPLC-FLD procedure [20] (for Ofx LOQ is: 40 µg/kg (0.1 nmol/g)) and for LC-MS/MS procedure [21] (for Cpx LOQ is 125 µg/kg (0.38 nmol/g)), but higher than for LC-MS/MS methods [22] (Cpx 22 ng/g, and Ofx 24 ng/g (0.07 nmol/g)) and [23] (Cpx and Ofx 5 µg/kg (0.015 nmol/g)). We constructed five-point calibration curves for Cpx and Ofx in meat tissues in the concentration range from 2 to 10 nmol/g tissue.…”

Comprehensive Investigation of Fluoroquinolone Residues in Apis mellifera and Apis cerana Honey and Potential Risks to Consumers: A Five-Year Study (2014–2018) in Zhejiang Province, China

“…The extraction and cleaning of FQs from honey samples was performed according to our previously published method with minor modifications [ 19 ]. Briefly, honey (1.0 g) was added to 4 mL acetonitrile and 1 mL sterile water in a 15-mL conical plastic tube, then vortexed to be entirely dissolved.…”

Rational Pharmacotherapy in Infectious Diseases: Issues Related to Drug Residues in Edible Animal Tissues

“…Several authors carried out exposure assessments for different veterinary residues by calculating the EDI (point estimate or deterministic model). Anthelmintic and antibiotic residues from chicken, fish tissues, and eggs were analyzed by HPLC [98][99][100][101][102]. Some researchers analyzed (by UPLC-MS) beef samples searching for anthelmintic drugs [103].…”