OBJECTIVE:To analyze the risk factors associated with neonatal deaths among children with low birth weight. METHODS:A cohort study was carried out on live births weighing between 500 g and 2,499 g from single pregnancies without anencephaly in Recife RESULTS:After adjusting the variables through multivariate logistic regression, the factors from the distal level that remained signifi cantly associated with neonatal death were: cohabitation by the parents, number of live births and type of maternity hospital. At the intermediate level, the factors were: number of prenatal consultations, complexity of the maternity hospital and type of delivery. At the proximal level, the factors were: sex, gestational age, birth weight, Apgar score and presence of congenital malformation. CONCLUSIONS:The main factors associated with neonatal mortality among low weight live births are related to prenatal and postnatal care. Such factors are reducible through health sector actions.

Suggested citation: Kovacs MH, Feliciano KV, Sarinho SW, Veras AA. Access to basic care for children seen at emergency departments. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2005;81:251-8. AbstractObjective: To investigate access to basic actions among children attended at emergency departments, reconstructing their trajectories to contact with the service for the event in question, characterizing links with basic care and the appropriateness of morbidity to the organizational profile of the service attended.Methods: Cross-sectional study, carried out in November 2002 and from February to May 2003 at five public pediatric emergency services, of a sample of 383 children under five years old, resident in Recife, calculated for an estimated 20% of appropriate morbidity, 5% error and 10% loss. Using standard instruments applied by eight purposely-trained interviewers.Results: During their trajectories to reach the contact in question, 38.5% of the children had sought other services, primarily: emergency (48.3%), family health team (19.7%) and health centers (17%), with 18.4% having experienced difficulties with primary care. 39.4% only used emergency and at some point 54.4% had resorted to this type of service. Approximately 88% are registered with a unit: 34.5% with the family health team (56.8% of these didn t use the service and 25.6% had sought them), 42% at health centers (59.1% of those didn t use the service and 18.2% had resorted to them). Only 18.9% preferred a basic unit when their child was ill, and therefore for the contact in question, the majority had been brought to their preferred service (like/confide in our professionals, geographic accessibility, and quality of care). Just 36.5% of the demand was defined as appropriate.Conclusions: Despite of difficulties with the basic network in guaranteeing access and resolution, a substantial part of this spontaneous demand came from the enormous legitimacy of the emergency services as seen by the population.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2005;81(3):251-8: Accessibility, primary care, reference and counter-reference system, healthcare evaluation.

Foi realizado estudo caso-controle com o objetivo de analisar os fatores de risco associados à mortalidade perinatal no Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil, 2003, de acordo com um modelo hierarquizado de determinantes proximais, intermediários e distais. Foram considerados casos os óbitos perinatais com peso ao nascer igual ou superior a 500g, de gravidez única e não portador de anencefalia. Os controles foram os nascidos vivos entre 26 de dezembro de 2002 e 31 de dezembro de 2003, que não evoluíram para o óbito até seis dias completos de vida, com as mesmas características dos casos. Com o linkage entre o banco de dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos e o de óbitos perinatais, obtiveram-se 403 casos e 1.612 controles. Após regressão logística múltipla, com a inclusão de variáveis dos três níveis de determinação, constituíram-se fatores de risco para mortalidade perinatal: a prematuridade (OR = 18,23), o baixo peso ao nascer (OR = 4,90), a idade da mãe igual a ou maior que 35 anos (OR = 1,97), o nascimento em hospitais participantes do Sistema Único de Saúde (OR = 1,93) e a escolaridade da mãe inferior a quatro anos de estudo (OR = 1,78).

The aim of this study was to validate a definition to identify cases of early neonatal near miss using data from health information systems (SIS in Portuguese). This was a concurrent validation study focusing on three definitions for identification of cases of early neonatal near miss among live births in a university hospital in 2012. Three different definitions were applied to this live birth cohort using the criteria birth weight, gestational age, 5-minute Apgar score, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation, and congenital malformations, in different combinations, considering the proposals in two Brazilian articles (Silva et al.; Pillegi-Castro et al.) and a third (SIS definition) with available data from health information systems. Cases were defined as infants that had survived the risk conditions as of the 7th day of life. For concurrent validation, the study adopted early neonatal deaths as the reference. Of the 2,097 live births studied, 33 died in the early neonatal period, and the number of cases of early neonatal near miss varied according to the definition used: 153 (Silva definition), 194 (Pileggi-Castro definition), and 304 (SIS definition). Sensitivity and specificity were 97% and 92.6%, respectively, according to the Silva definition, 90.9% and 90.6% according to the Pileggi-Castro definition, and 93.9% and 85.3% according to the SIS definition. The results show that the SIS definition has sensitivity and specificity close to the other definitions and suggest that it is possible to monitor early neonatal near miss using only data that are available in official health information systems.

OBJECTIVE:To understand how Estratégia Saúde da Família (Family Health Strategy) nurses experience the overlapping of duties and building of technical autonomy. METHODOLOGICAL PROCEDURES:This was a qualitative study performed with 22 nurses, in the city of Recife, Northeastern Brazil, between August 2005 and November 2006. Based on management evaluation (geographic access; confl icts in the team, between team and district and between team and community; and public violence in the area), four teams were selected in each of the six health districts. Semi-structured interviews were conducted. The main themes in the interview guide were about work expectations and relevance, its organization and process, and feelings towards these practices. The results were interpreted under the perspective of burnout. ANALYSIS OF RESULTS:The nurses' opinion on the excessive number of families, insuffi cient organizational support and pressures from user demands that had not been met was recurrent. Overlapping of health care and management caused work overload, creating anxiety, impotence, frustration and the feeling of being treated unfairly when tasks were divided among team members. The clinical dimension of practice led to a feeling of insecurity of a technical and ethical nature, in addition to the satisfaction for the power and prestige achieved by the professional category. Specialized medical training represented an obstacle to autonomy and responsibility becoming interdependent. Stress, dissatisfaction, becoming physically and mentally ill, recognition of the relevance of work and importance of one's performance, and low work involvement were reported. CONCLUSIONS:In view of the lack of expectation of changes in the short term, the overlapping of low professional satisfaction and work overload causes negative attitudes, indicating the importance of health promotion to increase the possibility of infl uencing and changing work conditions.

OBJETIVOS: conhecer os sentimentos de profissionais dos serviços de pronto-socorro infantil diante das situações de trabalho, focalizando os componentes do burnout: exaustão emocional, falta de envolvimento pessoal e despersonalização. MÉTODOS: pesquisa qualitativa realizada, na cidade do Recife, de março a julho de 2003, em cinco unidades públicas de referência, utilizando análise de conteúdo para compreender os "núcleos de sentido" das mensagens de 40 entrevistas semi-estruturadas com pediatras e sete enfermeiras da urgência/emergência. RESULTADOS: nesses relatos convivem sentimentos díspares: cansaço, esgotamento, angústia e revolta pela sobrecarga e limitações dos recursos frente às situações que envolvem risco de vida, permeados pela satisfação de gostar do que fazem e reconhecimento da própria utilidade; temor de cometer enganos fatais; desqualificação profissional quando comparam remuneração com responsabilidade e esforço empregado; exposição ao risco de agressão e indiciamento judicial alimentando desesperança e vulnerabilidade; e vínculo afetivo com trabalho. Esboçam-se, sobretudo entre médicos com menor tempo de formados, o descrédito nas possibilidades de mudanças e a vontade de desistir. CONCLUSÕES: apesar do estresse laboral crônico, os profissionais entrevistados mantêm o compromisso de contribuir na solução dos problemas cotidianos. Existe tendência para exaustão emocional, desânimo e sentimentos de inadequação e fracasso, reforçando a importância da promoção e prevenção em saúde no ambiente de trabalho.

Objective: neonatal mortality is the main cause of infant mortality in the city of Recife. The objective of the present study was to determine the major risk factors for neonatal death in Recife in 1995.Methods: this is a case control study. Information was obtained from the mortality and live birth databases after validation of the data set, between January and December 1995. A sample of 456 cases and 2,280 controls was obtained after using the linkage technique between the two data sets. The difference in proportion was analyzed by the chi square test. The odds ratio was calculated as a risk measure, with a 95% confidence interval. The logistic regression technique was used to adjust potential confounding factors.Results: 212 deaths (46.6%) occurred in the first 24 hours of life. We found that 358 (79.7%) of the cases presented low birth weight, with a 46-fold higher risk of death (CI =33.8-59.0 P<0.001) than those weighing > 2,500g. The major risk factors observed in the logistic regression analyses of the measure, listed in descending order, were: birth weight < 1,500g (OR= 49.6 CI= 22.6-108.7 P<0.001), 5-minute Apgar score < 7 (OR = 44.1 CI= 25.1-77.2 P<0.001), birth weight between 1,500 and 2,500g (OR= 8.2 CI= 4.8-14.0 P<0.001), gestational age < 37 weeks (OR= 4.3 CI= 2.6-7.1 P<0.001).Conclusions: among the studied variables, birth weight, gestational age, and Apgar score should be considered the main risk factors for the surveillance of neonatal death. Métodos: o desenho do estudo foi do tipo caso-controle. Realizou-se a validação dos bancos de dados do Sistema de Informação em Mortalidade e Sistema de Informação Nascido Vivo, para mães residentes no Recife, no ano de 1995. Obteve-se, após técnica do linkage entre os dois bancos de dados, amostra com 456 casos e 2.280 controles. Como medida de risco utilizou-se Odds Ratio, com intervalo de confiança de 95% e para a diferença de proporção, o teste qui quadrado. Utilizou-se na análise multivariada a técnica da regressão logística.Resultados: verificou-se que 358 (79,7%) das crianças que evoluíram para óbito foram de baixo peso ao nascer, com risco de morte 46 vezes superior (IC=33,8-59,0 P<0,001) para aquelas com este atributo em relação às nascidas com peso > 2.500g. Por ordem decrescente de valores da medida de associação de morte neonatal com as variáveis estudadas através da análise multivariada, os principais fatores de risco foram peso ao nascer < 1.500g (OR=49,6 IC=22,6-108,7 P<0,001), Índice de Apgar do quinto minuto < 7 (OR=44,1 IC=25,1-77,2 P<0,001), peso ao nascer entre 1.500g e 2.500g (OR=8,19 IC=4,(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)0 P<0,001), idade gestacional < 37 semanas (OR=4,3 IC=2,(6)(7)1 P<0,001).Conclusões: recomenda-se que entre as variáveis estudadas, estas três sejam consideradas fatores de risco importantes para vigilância da morte neonatal, em particular o baixo peso ao nascer.

A análise da qualidade da informação sobre causas de óbitos neonatais no Brasil é extremamente relevante, permitindo verificar a magnitude de óbitos passíveis de redução e subsidiar políticas adequadas à sua diminuição. Esse estudo objetivou avaliar a confiabilidade e validade do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM) na discriminação da causa básica de óbitos neonatais e definir percentuais de causas redutíveis. Foram analisadas causas básicas dos óbitos neonatais precoces hospitalares de Maceió, Alagoas, comparando as causas dos prontuários ao SIM, aferindo confiabilidade e validade. Para análise de redutibilidade compararam-se as classificações da Fundação SEADE e de Wigglesworth modificadas. Predominaram causas maternas nos prontuários e de transtornos respiratórios nas declarações de óbito e SIM. O percentual de óbitos redutíveis pode ser bem superior ao detectado no SIM, devido às imprecisões no preenchimento das declarações de óbito. De acordo com o SIM, os maiores problemas residem no diagnóstico e tratamento precoce de causas neonatais. Todavia, os resultados evidenciaram que os problemas mais prementes relacionam-se a falhas no pré-natal e descontrole de doenças.