The Sierra Madre del Sur, Oaxaca is considered an area with high diversity of ecosystems, and low levels of fragmentation due to human disturbance. An indigenous people, the Zapotecs, have inhabited this area for centuries and Zapotec communities have used and continue to make use of local resources for their subsistence. Agroforestry systems provide timber, firewood, and non-timber forest products to local communities. Despite the ecological and cultural relevance of this region, basic information about local practices of management and harvesting are lacking. Little is known about the possible effects of these practices on biodiversity conservation. The objectives of this study were: to determine the local uses of forest wood resources in the municipality of San Agustín Loxicha, to determine the tree species most used by the inhabitants of this municipality and to discuss the implications of this management in the conservation of plant cover in this Priority Terrestrial Region. The reported main use of tree species was firewood, obtained by gathering dry branches and bark, as well as by felling dead trees. To a lesser extent, tree species are used to build houses and make furniture. Local people collect trees from the surrounding vegetation, so the richness and abundance of tree species in the area surrounding each community will always influence the ability of the communities to meet their needs. These practices do not have drastic effects on plant cover, mainly in areas of established forests. These traditional practices are involved in an empirical strategy to conserve and manage local resources.
Desmoncus orthacanthos is a Neotropical climbing palm that resembles rattan and therefore has similar potential applications. The genus Desmoncus (subfamily Arecoideae, subtribe Bactridinae) is distributed throughout the Americas, from veracruz, Mexico, to Brazil and Bolivia. The anatomical characteristics of its support tissue have not been thoroughly studied, although some observations from Central American artisans suggest that the stems collected from undisturbed sites possess better characteristics; these include a good capacity to withstand bending without breaking (i.e. higher fracture strength than plants from disturbed sites). Stem samples were collected from individuals from disturbed and undisturbed sites, at three points along the length of the stem (basal, medium and apical). Collections were made of one ramet from five individuals (n=5) at both sites. Each ramet was divided into three sections: basal, from soil surface to a height of 0.5 m; medium, from a height of 0.5 to 5.0 m; and apical, from a height 5.0 to 10.0 m. An anatomical analysis including vascular bundles, parenchyma elements and fibers was performed in the radial direction and also along the longitudinal direction of the stems. The amount of vascular bundles was greater for samples from undisturbed site stems; the amount of parenchyma cells differ between samples from both sites and the amount of fibers was greater for samples from disturbed site stems. The anatomical structural dimensions were smaller for samples from the undisturbed site stems. These findings partially confirm the artisans' belief and supports the conclusion that microclimatic conditions affect plant anatomical structure.
Se describe la anatomía de la madera de Coceoloba eozumelensis, Coceo loba spieata, Gymnanthes lucida, Blomia eupanioides, Canella winterana, Aspidosperma megaloearpon y Ehretia tinifolia. La madera provino de árboles recolectados en la selva mediana subperennifolia en tres municipios del estado de Quintana Roo, México. Las especies son importantes porque tradicionalmente los campesinos de las diferentes localidades les han dado usos diversos a la madera en manufactura de muebles, herramientas, en construcción de casas habitación, en postes, cercas, tablones, durmientes y leña. Se hizo la descripción de la anatomía lIÚcroscópica en preparaciones fijas de los tres cortes típicos de la madera y en material disociado; la macroscópica en tablillas de xiloteca. Las especies presentan porosidad difusa, puntuaciones areoladas alternas y placas simples, rayos numerosos, pequeños y finos; las fibras libriformes, la mayoría cortas y de diámetro fino; el material ergástico presente en forma de gomas, cristales de carbonato de calcio y sílice. La estructura anatólIÚca de la madera les confieren cualidades estéticas, de peso, dureza, resistencia mecánica y al deterioro que responden a los usos tradicionales que en forma empírica les han dado los campesinos mayas y las hacen versátiles para destinarlas a diversos usos.
Anatomía de la madera de cinco especies de Quintana Roo, MéxicoSILVIA REBOLLAR, CARMEN DE LA P AZ-PÉREZ ÜLVERA y ALEJANDRA 0UINTANAR 1 RESUMEN. Se presenta la descripción anatómica macroscópica y microscópica de la madera de 5 especies procedentes de Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo: Drypetes lateriflora (Euphorbiaceae ), Exothea diphylla (Sapindaceae ), Myrcianthes fragrans var. fragrans (Myrtaceae ), Diospyros nicaraguensis (Ebenaceae) y Thevetia gaumeri (Apocynaceae). De cada especie se recolectó un árbol del cual se obtuvieron muestras de 15 X 7 X 1 cm con las que se hizo el estudio macroscópico y cubos de 2 x 2 cm de los que se obtuvieron .preparaciones fijas de cortes y material disociado para el estudio microscópico. A los elementos mensurables se les hizo un análisis estadístico y se consideró el valor de la media para su clasificación el cual se incluye junto con los valores mínimo y máximo de cada descripción. Se proporciona un mapa del lugar de recolección, un cuadro y fotografías de la estructura microscópica de las especies.ABsrRACT. Wood macroscopic and microscopic features of 5 species from Quintana Roo are given: Drypetes lateriflora (Euphorbiaceae ), Exothea diphylla (Sapindaceae ), Myrcianthes fragrans var. fragrans (Myrtaceae ), Diospyros nicarf!guensis (Ebenaceae) and Thevetia gaumeri (Apocynaceae). One tree from each species was colected; for the macroscopic study, wood samples of 15 X 7 X 1 cm of size were obtained and for the microscopic one wood samples of 2 X 2 cm from which permanent slides and slash material were prepared. Measurable elements were submitted to a statistical anaylisis considering the media value for the classification including mínima and maxima values in the description of each specie. A map pointing the collection place, a square and photographs of microscopic features of the species are given.La estructura anatómica de la madera refleja características y propiedades cuyo conocimiento repercute en su aprovechamiento adecuado por lo que es importante realizar este tipo de estudios fundamentales en las especies cuya madera no es conocida.
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