The Sierra Madre del Sur, Oaxaca is considered an area with high diversity of ecosystems, and low levels of fragmentation due to human disturbance. An indigenous people, the Zapotecs, have inhabited this area for centuries and Zapotec communities have used and continue to make use of local resources for their subsistence. Agroforestry systems provide timber, firewood, and non-timber forest products to local communities. Despite the ecological and cultural relevance of this region, basic information about local practices of management and harvesting are lacking. Little is known about the possible effects of these practices on biodiversity conservation. The objectives of this study were: to determine the local uses of forest wood resources in the municipality of San Agustín Loxicha, to determine the tree species most used by the inhabitants of this municipality and to discuss the implications of this management in the conservation of plant cover in this Priority Terrestrial Region. The reported main use of tree species was firewood, obtained by gathering dry branches and bark, as well as by felling dead trees. To a lesser extent, tree species are used to build houses and make furniture. Local people collect trees from the surrounding vegetation, so the richness and abundance of tree species in the area surrounding each community will always influence the ability of the communities to meet their needs. These practices do not have drastic effects on plant cover, mainly in areas of established forests. These traditional practices are involved in an empirical strategy to conserve and manage local resources.
Resumen. Los estudi os sobre e l proc eso ele domestic ac ión in cipi e nte en plantas han basado su aná li sis principa lm e nte e n los cam b ios e n las características mo r fo lóg icas, y han atribuid o éstos al poder ele la se lecc ió n hum ana . Este trabajo resalta la imp ortanc ia ele anal izar e l proceso ele domesticación incipi e nte en p lan tas a partir ele los fun damentos teóricos y metodo lógicos clesarrollaclos por la genética cuantitativa y d e p ob lac iones . Co n siderando a la d omesticac ión como un proceso evolu tivo, su es tudio debe in clu ir no sólo e l a nálisis del camb io fenot ípico y sus restricc iones, sino también la detecc ió n de los procesos evo lu tivos distintos a la selecc ión humana, que h a n molcleaclo la constituc ió n genética de las poblacion es el e plantas durante la domesticación. Palabras clave: Genética evolu tiva, domesticació n , genética cuantitativa. Abstract. Stucl ies abo ut th e incipient clornestication in plants often have basecl th e ir analys is on morpho log ical ch a racter istics a ncl h ave attribu tecl those changes to the actions of artifi cial hu man selection. This paper remarks the im portance of the analysis of in cipi ent clomesti cation in plants usin g the theoret ica l ancl methodo logica l fram ework of both quantitative a ncl population genetics. The p re mi se of th is work is that, cons iclerin g clomestication asan evolutionary process, much knowle clge can be gainecl regarcl ing th e phenotypic change, its co nstraints, ancl the evolu tionary m ech a ni sms that have molcled the genetic co nstitution of plant popu lations und er domestication.
Key worcls:Hence, if man goes on selecling and t!tus augmenting any f1eculia:ril)', !te will almost cerlain ly unconsciously modify olher jx1.rts of !he structu. re, owing lo the 'lnislerious laws of the correlation of growth.
C.R. DARll'IN
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