The main objective of this study is to review and summarize recent findings on electroencephalographic patterns in individuals with chronic pain. We also discuss recent advances in the use of quantitative Electroencephalography (qEEG) for the assessment of pathophysiology and biopsychosocial factors involved in its maintenance over time. Data collection took place from February 2014 to July 2015 in PubMed, SciELO and PEDro databases. Data from cross-sectional studies and longitudinal studies, as well as clinical trials involving chronic pain participants were incorporated into the final analysis. Our primary findings related to chronic pain were an increase of theta and alpha EEG power at rest, and a decrease in the amplitude of evoked potentials after sensory stimulation and cognitive tasks. This review suggests that qEEG could be considered as a simple and objective tool for the study of brain mechanisms involved in chronic pain, as well as for identifying the specific characteristics of chronic pain condition. In addition, results show that qEEG probably is a relevant outcome measure for assessing changes in therapeutic studies.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Socio-educational tools aimed at the population with chronic pain can help in the knowledge about trigger mechanisms, beliefs, and attitudes towards pain that may be useful in their control. In addition to developing them, it is necessary to evaluate whether these tools are valid for therapeutic use. The objective of this study was to describe the validation process of an educational booklet for people with chronic pain. METHODS: This study was developed in three stages: questionnaires for the evaluation of the booklet by patients and professionals, interview, and content validation. The sample consisted of 60 patients with chronic pain and six professionals specialized in your treatment. For validation, the Content Validity Index per items was used considering a score greater than or equal to 80%. RESULTS: All six domains evaluated in the booklet obtained a Content Validity Index per items score greater than 80%. The Content Validity Index per items overall rate of the domains evaluated by the patients was 88% while for the health professionals it was 92%. CONCLUSION: The EducaDor booklet showed to be valid for use in the education of patients with chronic pain.

RESUMOObjetivo: verificar as respostas às estratégias de retirada dos hábitos orais deletérios de sucção nas crianças do Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF) em Olinda, PE. Em acréscimo, identificar a frequência e os principais tipos de hábitos orais deletérios presentes. Métodos: estudo longitudinal, com cortes transversais, intervencional e descritivo, com 90 crianças na faixa etária entre 2 aos 11 anos, acompanhadas pela equipe de Fonoaudiologia da Funeso, no PSF de Jardim Fragoso, em Olinda, durante o ano de 2007 e que apresentavam hábitos orais deletérios. Os instrumentos e etapas contempladas nesta pesquisa abrangeram a abordagem lúdica para a conscientaização sobre os malefícios originados pela utilização prolongada desses hábitos, a aplicação de questionário direcionado aos pais ou cuidadores e às crianças e a avaliação clínica, com controle da remoção dos hábitos nas crianças, em um período de 30 dias. Resultados: das crianças avaliadas, 53,3% eram do sexo masculino e 46,7% do sexo feminino. Todos os entrevistados apresentavam hábitos orais deletérios; em que 48,9% possuíam apenas um tipo de hábito; e 46,7% e 4,4%, respectivamente, dois e três tipos de hábitos associados. Hábitos nocivos de sucção foram os mais prevalentes, com 52,2% para o uso de chupetas; 50% para o uso de mamadeiras e 22,2% para a sucção digital. Trinta dias após a intervenção, 26 crianças ou 28,9% da amostra haviam removido esses hábitos. Conclusão: as estratégias empregadas alcançaram a remoção de todos os tipos de hábitos apresentados, na distribuição estabelecida, necessitando-se de controle por um tempo maior nesse sentido. DESCRITORES: INTRODUÇÃOHábitos orais, em padrões estabelecidos como normais para as funções de fonação, sucção, mastigação e deglutição e fala, têm papel importante no crescimento craniofacial e na fisiologia do sistema estomatognático 1 . Representam um ato neuromuscular complexo, que pode retardar ou deturpar o crescimento ósseo e associar-se a más oclusões, distúrbio respiratório, alterações na fala, desequilí-brio muscular e problemas psicológicos. O grau de

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Conflict of interest: non-existent stimulation of supporting structures, such as bones and teeth and for favoring that the harmonious craniofacial growth occurs³ .The chewing pattern can be influenced by several factors, such as occlusal interferences, dental and/ or periodontal problems, tooth loss, muscle and/or temporomandibular joints problems².It is known that in a unilateral mastication, the chewing muscles are mainly characterized by increased muscle strength on the working side, in other words, where chewing is occurring. The muscles of the balancing side, opposite side to the working side, is generally more elongated and with NTRODUCTIONChewing is considered by many authors as one of the most important and most studied functions of the stomatognathic system¹,². When performed in a alternating bilateral way, there is synchrony of masticatory muscles, which in turn are crucial for the ABSTRACT Purpose: to investigate the relationship of the masticatory preference side in the electrical activity of masseter and temporalis muscles. Methods: the sample was composed by 115 children aged between 7 and 12 years. The acquisition of the electrical activity of the masticatory muscles was recorded during 5 seconds of isometric contraction in maximal intercuspal position. The children were divided into four groups according to masticatory preference observed: Chewing Preferential Right, Left, Bilateral Alternating, and Bilateral Simultaneous. The electromyographicdata were analyzed using the SPSS 17.0 software, and for determination of statistical difference between the electrical activity of the right and left masseter and temporalis muscles was performed by Paired Student t-test (p <0.05). Results: from the total of 115 children, 76 (63.4%) had a preferred side during mastication, whereas 44 (36.7%) children had masticatory right and 32 (26.7%) preferred chewing left. Of the individuals without a preferred side, it was found 25.8% (n = 31) alternating with bilateral chewing and 10.8% (n = 13) with simultaneous bilateral chewing. After comparing the electrical activity of the masseter and temporal, right and left, according to the group chewing, it was found that the average electrical activity of the muscles on the left side showed no statistically significant differences when compared with the average of its peers right side. Conclusion: for the study sample, there was no relationship between the habitual chewing side and electrical activity of the muscles masseter and temporal.